Iqbal Muhammad, Asif Saira, Ilyas Noshin, Raja Naveed Iqbal, Hussain Mubashir, Ejaz Muhammad, Saira Hafiza
Department of Botany, PMAS- Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Department of Agronomy, PMAS- Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 2017 Dec 13;17:35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.12.001. eCollection 2018 Mar.
The experimental work presented in this study was carried out with the hypothesis that plant derived smoke enhanced the morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of a cereal crop, wheat ( L.). Furthermore, this study supported the hypothesis that plant derived smoke acts as vegetative growth promoter, inexpensive, rapid and most appropriate eco-friendly bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Plant derived smoke was generated by burning of plant material (leaf, straws etc) in a specially designed furnace, and seeds were treated with this smoke for different time duration. Four level of plant derived smoke (1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h) along with control were tested on four wheat cultivars in CRD repeated pot experiment. The smoke-related treatments modified number of morphological, physiological and biochemical features of wheat. Compared with the control, aerosol smoke treatment of the seeds significantly improved root length (2.6%), shoot length (7.7%), RFW (0.04%), SFW (0.7%), SDW (0.1%) and leaf area (63.9%). All the smoke-related treatments significantly promoted RWC (17.3%), water potential (1.5%), osmotic potential (1.4%) and MSI (14.6%) whereas a pronounced increase in chlorophyll a (24.9%), chlorophyll (21.7%) and total chlorophyll contents (15.5%) were recorded in response to aerosol-smoke treatments. Plant derived smoke exposure applied for short time i.e. 1 h & 2 h induced significant results as compared to prolonged PDS exposure (3 h and 4 h). The best results were observed in Pak-13 and Glaxy-13 wheat cultivars. These findings indicated that the plant-derived smoke treatment has a great potential to improve morphological, physiological and biochemical features of wheat crop.
植物源烟雾可增强谷类作物小麦（L.）的形态、生理和生化特性。此外，本研究支持以下假设：植物源烟雾可作为营养生长促进剂，是用于可持续农业的廉价、快速且最为适宜的生态友好型生物肥料。通过在专门设计的炉中燃烧植物材料（叶子、秸秆等）产生植物源烟雾，并用这种烟雾对种子进行不同时长的处理。在完全随机区组重复盆栽试验中，对四个小麦品种进行了四级植物源烟雾处理（1小时、2小时、3小时和4小时）以及对照处理。与烟雾相关的处理改变了小麦的许多形态、生理和生化特征。与对照相比，种子的气溶胶烟雾处理显著提高了根长（2.6%）、茎长（7.7%）、根鲜重（0.04%）、茎鲜重（0.7%）、茎干重（0.1%）和叶面积（63.9%）。所有与烟雾相关的处理均显著提高了相对含水量（17.3%）、水势（1.5%）、渗透势（1.4%）和水分饱和亏缺（14.6%），而气溶胶烟雾处理使叶绿素a（24.9%）、叶绿素b（21.7%）和总叶绿素含量（15.5%）显著增加。与长时间的植物源烟雾暴露（3小时和4小时）相比，短时间（1小时和2小时）的植物源烟雾暴露产生了显著效果。在Pak - 13和Glaxy - 13小麦品种中观察到了最佳结果。这些发现表明，植物源烟雾处理在改善小麦作物的形态、生理和生化特征方面具有巨大潜力。
