Komatsu Setsuko, Yamaguchi Hisateru, Hitachi Keisuke, Tsuchida Kunihiro, Rehman Shafiq Ur, Ohno Toshihisa
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan.
Department of Medical Technology, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Yokkaichi 512-8045, Japan.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jun 4;11(11):1508. doi: 10.3390/plants11111508.
Wheat is an important staple food crop for one-third of the global population; however, its growth is reduced by flooding. On the other hand, a plant-derived smoke solution enhances plant growth; however, its mechanism is not fully understood. To reveal the effects of the plant-derived smoke solution on wheat under flooding, morphological, biochemical, and proteomic analyses were conducted. The plant-derived smoke solution improved wheat-leaf growth, even under flooding. According to the functional categorization of proteomic results, oppositely changed proteins were correlated with photosynthesis, glycolysis, biotic stress, and amino-acid metabolism with or without the plant-derived smoke solution under flooding. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that RuBisCO activase and RuBisCO large/small subunits, which decreased under flooding, were recovered by the application of the plant-derived smoke solution. Furthermore, the contents of chlorophylls and significantly decreased by flooding stress; however, they were recovered by the application of the plant-derived smoke solution. In glycolysis, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased with the application of the plant-derived smoke solution under flooding as compared with flooding alone. Additionally, glutamine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and serine decreased under flooding; however, they were recovered by the plant-derived smoke solution. These results suggest that the application of the plant-derived smoke solution improves the recovery of wheat growth through the regulation of photosynthesis and glycolysis even under flooding conditions. Furthermore, the plant-derived smoke solution might promote wheat tolerance against flooding stress through the regulation of amino-acid metabolism.
小麦是全球三分之一人口的重要主食作物；然而，洪水会使其生长减缓。另一方面，植物源烟雾溶液可促进植物生长；然而，其作用机制尚未完全明确。为揭示植物源烟雾溶液在水淹条件下对小麦的影响，进行了形态学、生化和蛋白质组学分析。即使在水淹条件下，植物源烟雾溶液也能促进小麦叶片生长。根据蛋白质组学结果的功能分类，在水淹条件下，无论有无植物源烟雾溶液，发生相反变化的蛋白质与光合作用、糖酵解、生物胁迫和氨基酸代谢相关。免疫印迹分析证实，水淹后含量降低的核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶激活酶以及核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶大亚基/小亚基，通过施用植物源烟雾溶液得以恢复。此外，叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量因水淹胁迫而显著降低；然而，施用植物源烟雾溶液后它们得以恢复。在糖酵解过程中，与单独水淹相比，水淹条件下施用植物源烟雾溶液时，果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶和3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶含量降低。此外，水淹后谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和丝氨酸含量降低；然而，植物源烟雾溶液使其得以恢复。这些结果表明，即使在水淹条件下，施用植物源烟雾溶液也可通过调节光合作用和糖酵解来促进小麦生长的恢复。此外，植物源烟雾溶液可能通过调节氨基酸代谢来提高小麦对水淹胁迫的耐受性。
