Cortes E, Detels R, Aboulafia D, Li X L, Moudgil T, Alam M, Bonecker C, Gonzaga A, Oyafuso L, Tondo M
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 13;320(15):953-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198904133201501.
We conducted a serologic survey for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-I) in 704 Brazilians with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or at risk for it. The study population included 70 homosexual men (11 of whom were prostitutes), 58 bisexual men (19 of whom were prostitutes), 101 female prostitutes from three socioeconomic groups, 13 wives of men with hemophilia who were seropositive for HIV-1 antibodies, and 47 blood donors with positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tests for syphilis, all from Rio de Janeiro; 86 female prostitutes from two rural towns in Minas Gerais; 133 patients with AIDS from São Paulo; and 196 men with bleeding disorders who were seropositive for HIV-1 antibodies on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The prevalence of HIV-1 infection was highest in the homosexual male prostitutes (45 percent), the wives of patients with hemophilia (38 percent), the bisexual men (28 percent), the homosexual men who were not prostitutes (19 percent), and the female prostitutes from the lower class (9 percent). Combined HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection was found in 3 percent of the patients with AIDS and in 1 percent of the homosexual men. The prevalence of HTLV-I infection ranged from 1 percent in rural female prostitutes to 13 percent in HIV-1-positive men with bleeding disorders in Rio de Janeiro. Combined HIV-1 and HTLV-I infection occurred in 1 to 11 percent of some male subgroups. We conclude that in Brazil HIV-1 infection is already well established among homosexuals, bisexuals, and lower-class female prostitutes, with bisexual men probably acting as a bridge between the heterosexual and homosexual communities, that HTLV-I infection is prevalent in groups at risk for AIDS, and that HIV-2 infection has already been introduced into the country.
我们对704名患有获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）或有感染风险的巴西人进行了血清学调查，检测他们是否感染了1型和2型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1和HIV-2）以及人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒I型（HTLV-I）。研究人群包括70名同性恋男性（其中11名是妓女）、58名双性恋男性（其中19名是妓女）、来自三个社会经济群体的101名女性妓女、13名其丈夫感染HIV-1抗体呈血清阳性的血友病患者的妻子，以及47名梅毒性病研究实验室检测呈阳性的献血者，他们均来自里约热内卢；来自米纳斯吉拉斯州两个乡村小镇的86名女性妓女；来自圣保罗的133名艾滋病患者；以及来自圣保罗和里约热内卢的196名出血性疾病患者，他们在酶联免疫吸附测定中HIV-1抗体呈血清阳性。HIV-1感染率在同性恋男性妓女中最高（45%），血友病患者的妻子中为38%，双性恋男性中为28%，非妓女的同性恋男性中为19%，下层阶级的女性妓女中为9%。在3%的艾滋病患者和1%的同性恋男性中发现了HIV-1和HIV-2合并感染。HTLV-I感染率在乡村女性妓女中为1%，在里约热内卢HIV-1阳性的出血性疾病男性中为13%。在一些男性亚组中，HIV-1和HTLV-I合并感染率为1%至11%。我们得出结论，在巴西，HIV-1感染在同性恋者、双性恋者和下层阶级女性妓女中已经很普遍，双性恋男性可能充当了异性恋和同性恋群体之间的桥梁，HTLV-I感染在艾滋病高危人群中很普遍，并且HIV-2感染已经传入该国。
