Ryan A S, Martinez G A
Ross Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 43216.
Pediatrics. 1989 Apr;83(4):524-31.
Based on a survey of a nationally representative sample of new mothers, this study compares the incidence and duration of breast-feeding among mothers who were employed full-time outside the home with those not employed. Results indicated that the same proportion of mothers (55%) who were employed full-time as those not employed reported breast-feeding their infants in the hospital. Working full-time seemed to have a substantial impact on breast-feeding duration. Only 10% of full-time employed mothers breast-fed their infants at 6 months of age compared with 24% of those not employed. Analyses of breast-feeding by demographic characteristics indicated that in-hospital breast-feeding was relatively high among mothers who were not working outside the home and who were 30 years of age and older, in high family income groups, college educated, white, and living in the Mountain or Pacific region of the United States. Breast-feeding patterns among white and black mothers showed that a relatively high incidence of in-hospital breast-feeding was reported by black mothers who returned to work full time. Many more blacks than whites who were working full time were in those demographic subgroups that reported the highest incidence of breast-feeding: mothers who were 25 years of age and older, in high-income groups, and college educated. Ways to increase the level of breast-feeding among employed mothers are outlined.
基于一项对全国具有代表性的初为人母者样本的调查，本研究比较了在家全职工作的母亲与未工作母亲的母乳喂养发生率及持续时间。结果表明，全职工作的母亲与未工作的母亲中，有相同比例（55%）的人报告在医院对婴儿进行母乳喂养。全职工作似乎对母乳喂养持续时间有重大影响。在婴儿6个月大时，只有10%的全职工作母亲进行母乳喂养，而未工作母亲的这一比例为24%。按人口统计学特征对母乳喂养情况进行的分析表明，在家不外出工作、年龄在30岁及以上、家庭收入高、受过大学教育、为白人且居住在美国山区或太平洋地区的母亲，其住院期间母乳喂养的比例相对较高。白人和黑人母亲的母乳喂养模式显示，全职重返工作岗位的黑人母亲报告的住院期间母乳喂养发生率相对较高。在全职工作的人群中，处于报告母乳喂养发生率最高的人口亚组（年龄在25岁及以上、高收入群体且受过大学教育的母亲）的黑人比白人多得多。文中概述了提高在职母亲母乳喂养水平的方法。
