Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
J Addict Med. 2018 Mar/Apr;12(2):127-131. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000376.
Use of electronic cigarettes has dramatically increased in the United States since 2010, with a forecasted growth of 37% between 2014 and 2019. There is little research on e-liquid nicotine concentration from domestic manufacturers. However, limited research outside of the United States found wide inconsistencies between the labeled concentration of nicotine in e-liquids and the actual nicotine concentration.
The 7 most popular online manufacturers or distributors were identified. E-liquid samples of the 5 most popular flavors from each manufacturer were purchased in nicotine concentrations of 0 and 18 mg/mL. Of the samples purchased (n = 70), all were labeled as produced in the United States of America. The researchers anonymized the samples before sending them to an independent university laboratory for testing.
The 35 e-liquid samples labeled 18 mg/mL nicotine measured between 11.6 and 27.4 mg/mL (M = 18.7, SD = 3.3) nicotine. The labeled 18 mg/mL samples measured as little as 35% less nicotine and as much as 52% greater nicotine. In the 35 samples labeled 0 mg/mL, nicotine was detected (>0.01 mg/mL) in 91.4% of the samples (range 0-23.9 mg/mL; M = 2.9, SD = 7.2). Six samples from 2 manufacturers labeled as 0 mg/mL were found to contain nicotine in amounts ranging from 5.7 to 23.9 mg/mL.
This study demonstrates the nicotine labeling inaccuracies present in current e-liquid solutions produced in the United States. Incorrect labeling poses a significant risk to consumers and supports the recent regulation changes enacted by the US Food and Drug Administration. Additional routine testing of nicotine concentrations should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the regulations on future e-liquid production.
自 2010 年以来，美国电子烟的使用量大幅增加，预计 2014 年至 2019 年期间将增长 37%。关于国内制造商的电子烟液尼古丁浓度的研究很少。然而，美国以外的有限研究发现，电子烟液中尼古丁的标签浓度与实际尼古丁浓度之间存在很大差异。
确定了 7 家最受欢迎的在线制造商或分销商。从每个制造商的 5 种最受欢迎的口味中购买了尼古丁浓度为 0 和 18mg/ml 的电子烟液样品。在购买的样品中（n=70），所有样品均标注为美国生产。在将样品送到独立的大学实验室进行测试之前，研究人员对其进行了匿名处理。
35 个标记为 18mg/ml 尼古丁的电子烟液样本的尼古丁含量在 11.6 至 27.4mg/ml 之间（M=18.7，SD=3.3）。标签为 18mg/ml 的样品的尼古丁含量低至 35%，高至 52%。在 35 个标记为 0mg/ml 的样本中，有 91.4%的样本检测到尼古丁（0-23.9mg/ml ；M=2.9，SD=7.2）。从 2 家制造商的 6 个样本中发现，标记为 0mg/ml 的样本中含有 5.7 至 23.9mg/ml 的尼古丁。
本研究表明，目前美国生产的电子烟液溶液存在尼古丁标签不准确的问题。错误的标签会对消费者造成重大风险，并支持美国食品和药物管理局最近颁布的监管法规变更。应定期进行尼古丁浓度的额外测试，以评估这些法规对未来电子烟液生产的有效性。
