School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom .
J Palliat Med. 2018 Jan;21(S1):S30-S36. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2017.0391.
The right to health includes a right of access to good quality palliative care, but inequalities persist. Raising awareness is a key plank of the public health approach to palliative care, but involves consideration of subjects most of us prefer not to address. This review addresses the question: "do public health awareness campaigns effectively improve the awareness and quality of palliative care"?
The evidence shows that public awareness campaigns can improve awareness of palliative care and probably improve quality of care, but there is a lack of evidence about the latter.
Rapid review and synthesis.
A comprehensive public awareness campaign about palliative care (including advance care planning and end-of-life decision making) should be based on clear and shared terminology, use well piloted materials, and the full range of mass media to suit different ages, cultures, and religious/spiritual perspectives. Arts and humanities have a role to play in allowing individuals and communities to express experiences of illness, death, and grief and encourage conversation and thoughtful reflection. There is evidence about key factors for success: targeting, networking, and use of specific, measurable, achievable, realistic time-bound objectives; continuous evaluation; and complementarity to national and international policy.
Campaigns should be located within the framework of public health promotion and the synergy between short national mass media campaigns and longer term local community action initiatives carefully considered. National and local projects to raise awareness should identify and address any barriers at the level of individuals, communities, and systems of care, for example, literacy skills and unequal access to resources.
健康权包括获得高质量姑息治疗的权利，但不平等仍然存在。提高认识是姑息治疗公共卫生方法的关键内容，但涉及到我们大多数人都不愿面对的主题。本综述探讨了以下问题：“公共卫生宣传活动是否能有效提高人们对姑息治疗的认识和质量？”
证据表明，公共宣传活动可以提高人们对姑息治疗的认识，并可能提高护理质量，但后者的证据不足。
快速审查和综合。
全面的姑息治疗公共宣传活动（包括预先护理计划和临终决策）应基于明确和共享的术语，使用经过充分试点的材料，并利用各种大众媒体，以适应不同的年龄、文化和宗教/精神观点。艺术和人文学科在允许个人和社区表达疾病、死亡和悲伤的经历，以及鼓励对话和深思熟虑的反思方面发挥着作用。成功的关键因素有证据支持：目标定位、网络联系以及使用具体、可衡量、可实现、现实的限时目标；持续评估；以及与国家和国际政策的互补性。
宣传活动应置于公共卫生促进的框架内，并仔细考虑短期全国大众媒体宣传活动和长期地方社区行动倡议之间的协同作用。提高认识的国家和地方项目应确定和解决个人、社区和护理系统层面的任何障碍，例如，读写能力和资源获取的不平等。
