Darré Tchin, Tchaou Mazamaesso, Folligan Koué, Amadou Abdoulatif, N'Timon Bidamin, Sonhaye Lantam, Aboubakari Abdoul-Samadou, Amégbor Koffi, Akpadza Koffi, Napo Koura Gado
Department of Pathology, The University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé BP1515, Togo.
Department of Imaging, The University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé BP1515, Togo.
Mol Clin Oncol. 2017 Dec;7(6):1125-1129. doi: 10.3892/mco.2017.1461. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
Breast cancer in young female patients represents a public health problem in developing countries. The objectives of the study were to study the epidemiological and histological characteristics of breast cancer in female patients under 35 years of age. This was a retrospective analytical study of a series of 158 cases of breast cancer in female patients under 35 years of age, conducted at the University Teaching Hospital of Lomé between 2000 and 2015. A total of 158 cases were collected, representing 36.2% (436) of all breast cancer cases. The average age of the patients was 30.9 years (range, 16-35 years). A family history of breast cancer at the 1st or 2nd degree was identified in 13.9% of cases. Genetic mutation studies were carried out for 7 patients, 5 of which revealed mutations (4 BRCA1 and 1 BRCA2). According to the locus, the cancer was located preferentially in the left breast in 88 cases (55.7%). Malignant mammary lesions were epithelial tumors (n=144 cases, 91.1%), infiltrating (n=125 cases, 79.1%) and non-infiltrating (n=19 cases, 12.0%). The other histological groups consisted of 8 cases of sarcomas (5 cases of angiosarcoma, 2 cases of fibrosarcoma and 1 case of Kaposi's sarcoma), 5 cases of lymphomas and one case of melanoma. Not otherwise specified infiltrating ductal carcinomas were SBR II and III in 43.2 and 35.2% of cases, respectively. The tumors classified as T4 were the most frequent (30.4%). Regarding the lymph node status, lymph node metastasis was noted in 22.8% of cases. Studies of hormone receptors were carried out in 23 patients and were positive for 11 patients: Estrogen receptor (ER)+plus progesterone receptor (PR)+(7 patients), ER+PR-(4 patients). Of the aforementioned 8 cases of sarcoma, 5 were angiosarcoma. The lymphomas were predominantly Burkitt's type for 4 cases. Mammary ultrasonography was performed in 45.6% of the patients and 54.4% underwent the combined ultrasonography and mammography. Ultrasound identified one or more sign of malignancy in 67 patients (42.4%), and combined ultrasonography and mammography classified 51.9% of lesions in BIRADS 4 and 5. The incidence of breast cancer in young Togolese patients is high. It is a disease distinguished by a delay in diagnosis, which contributes to the high number of cases that initially diagnosed at an advanced stage, particularly the high histo-prognosis grades of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. These results indicate a genetic origin; therefore, a thorough investigation into genetic mutations should be carried. In addition, further collaborative studies are required to verify these results.
年轻女性乳腺癌患者是发展中国家的一个公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是研究35岁以下女性乳腺癌患者的流行病学和组织学特征。这是一项对2000年至2015年在洛美大学教学医院收治的158例35岁以下女性乳腺癌患者进行的回顾性分析研究。共收集到158例病例，占所有乳腺癌病例的36.2%（436例）。患者的平均年龄为30.9岁（范围16 - 35岁）。13.9%的病例有一级或二级乳腺癌家族史。对7例患者进行了基因突变研究，其中5例发现突变（4例BRCA1和1例BRCA2）。根据肿瘤位置，88例（55.7%）癌症优先位于左侧乳房。恶性乳腺病变为上皮性肿瘤（n = 144例，91.1%），浸润性（n = 125例，79.1%）和非浸润性（n = 19例，12.0%）。其他组织学类型包括8例肉瘤（5例血管肉瘤、2例纤维肉瘤和1例卡波西肉瘤）、5例淋巴瘤和1例黑色素瘤。未另作说明的浸润性导管癌在43.2%和35.2%的病例中分别为SBR II级和III级。分类为T4的肿瘤最为常见（30.4%）。关于淋巴结状态，22.8%的病例有淋巴结转移。对23例患者进行了激素受体研究，11例呈阳性：雌激素受体（ER）+加孕激素受体（PR）+（7例），ER + PR -（4例）。上述8例肉瘤中，5例为血管肉瘤。淋巴瘤主要为伯基特型，共4例。45.6%的患者进行了乳腺超声检查，54.4%的患者接受了超声和乳腺X线联合检查。超声在67例患者（42.4%）中发现一个或多个恶性征象，超声和乳腺X线联合检查将51.9%的病变分类为BIRADS 4级和5级。多哥年轻患者乳腺癌的发病率较高。这是一种诊断延迟的疾病，这导致大量病例最初在晚期被诊断，特别是浸润性导管癌的组织学预后分级较高。这些结果表明存在遗传起源；因此，应进行全面的基因突变调查。此外，还需要进一步的合作研究来验证这些结果。
