School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
Department of Psychology, School of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK.
Appetite. 2018 Apr 1;123:249-255. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.026. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
Repeatedly offering vegetables has been shown to be one of the most effective methods for increasing acceptance and subsequent intake in young children. In order to increase successful offerings of vegetables and resultant consumption amongst young children, it is necessary to consider the influences on maternal reoffering of vegetables. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between mothers' tendency to reoffer vegetables and a range of demographic factors and psychological variables. A cross-sectional design was used, where mothers completed questionnaires assessing how often they reoffer rejected vegetables, concerns for economic factors, and a range of possible child and maternal influences. Mothers of preschool children were recruited from toddler groups across Leicestershire, UK, as well as online. Spearman's correlations were run to look for associations between demographic and psychological factors with maternal reoffering of vegetables. Significantly associated factors were then entered into a stepwise regression to predict maternal reoffering of vegetables. Mothers were significantly less likely to reoffer rejected vegetables if they were concerned about time, money, and waste, were influenced by their child's mood, or were concerned about their child having tantrums. Moreover, mothers who consumed more vegetables themselves reoffered vegetables more frequently. Regression analyses revealed that mothers' concern about food waste and tantrums, as well as maternal vegetable consumption, all significantly predicted mothers' reoffering of vegetables. With these findings in mind, mothers should be educated and supported with how to tackle and minimise children's tantrums during feeding, as well as being made aware of effective methods for avoiding food waste. Moreover, given that mothers' own vegetable consumption is associated with lower reoffering of vegetables to their child, interventions which seek to increase familial vegetable consumption should be pursued.
反复提供蔬菜已被证明是增加幼儿接受度和随后摄入量的最有效方法之一。为了增加幼儿对蔬菜的成功供应和随后的消费，有必要考虑影响母亲再次提供蔬菜的因素。本研究旨在调查母亲再次提供蔬菜的倾向与一系列人口统计学因素和心理变量之间的关系。采用横断面设计，母亲填写问卷评估她们再次提供被拒绝的蔬菜的频率、对经济因素的担忧，以及一系列可能的儿童和母亲的影响。从英国莱斯特郡的幼儿组以及网上招募了学龄前儿童的母亲。进行了 Spearman 相关分析，以寻找人口统计学和心理因素与母亲再次提供蔬菜之间的关联。然后将显著相关的因素纳入逐步回归，以预测母亲再次提供蔬菜的情况。如果母亲担心时间、金钱和浪费、受孩子情绪影响或担心孩子发脾气，她们就不太可能再次提供被拒绝的蔬菜。此外，自己吃更多蔬菜的母亲更频繁地再次提供蔬菜。回归分析表明，母亲对食物浪费和发脾气的担忧，以及母亲蔬菜的摄入量，都显著预测了母亲再次提供蔬菜的情况。考虑到这些发现，应该教育和支持母亲如何在喂养过程中处理和最小化孩子的发脾气，同时让她们意识到避免食物浪费的有效方法。此外，鉴于母亲自己的蔬菜消费与对孩子的蔬菜再次供应较低有关，应寻求增加家庭蔬菜消费的干预措施。
