Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Dec 8;14(12):1538. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14121538.
In recent years, severe and persistent air pollution episodes in China have drawn wide public concern. Based on ground monitoring air quality data collected in 2015 in Chinese cities above the prefectural level, this study identifies the spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and its associated driving factors in China using descriptive statistics and geographical detector methods. The results show that the average air pollution ratio and continuous air pollution ratio across Chinese cities in 2015 were 23.1 ± 16.9% and 16.2 ± 14.8%. The highest levels of air pollution ratio and continuous air pollution ratio were observed in northern China, especially in the Bohai Rim region and Xinjiang province, and the lowest levels were found in southern China. The average and maximum levels of continuous air pollution show distinct spatial variations when compared with those of the continuous air pollution ratio. Monthly changes in both air pollution ratio and continuous air pollution ratio have a U-shaped variation, indicating that the highest levels of air pollution occurred in winter and the lowest levels happened in summer. The results of the geographical detector model further reveal that the effect intensity of natural factors on the spatial disparity of the air pollution ratio is greater than that of human-related factors. Specifically, among natural factors, the annual average temperature, land relief, and relative humidity have the greatest and most significant negative effects on the air pollution ratio, whereas human factors such as population density, the number of vehicles, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) witness the strongest and most significant positive effects on air pollution ratio.
近年来，中国严重且持续的空气污染事件引起了广泛的公众关注。本研究基于 2015 年中国地级市以上城市的地面监测空气质量数据，采用描述性统计和地理探测器方法，识别了中国空气污染的时空变化及其相关驱动因素。结果表明，2015 年中国城市的平均空气污染比和连续空气污染比分别为 23.1±16.9%和 16.2±14.8%。空气污染比和连续空气污染比的最高水平出现在中国北方，特别是渤海湾地区和新疆，而最低水平出现在中国南方。与连续空气污染比相比，连续空气污染的平均水平和最高水平表现出明显的空间差异。空气污染比和连续空气污染比的月变化呈 U 型变化，表明空气污染水平在冬季最高，夏季最低。地理探测器模型的结果进一步表明，自然因素对空气污染比空间差异的影响强度大于人为因素。具体而言，在自然因素中，年平均气温、地形起伏和相对湿度对空气污染比的影响最大且最显著，而人口密度、车辆数量和国内生产总值（GDP）等人为因素对空气污染比的影响最大且最显著。
