Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 51-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan.
Departments of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
Nutrients. 2017 Dec 24;10(1):17. doi: 10.3390/nu10010017.
Albumin is the major protein in the serum of mammals. It is synthesized exclusively in the liver, before being secreted into the circulation. Similar to skeletal muscle protein, albumin synthesis is stimulated by dietary amino acids and proteins as well as exercise. Albumin has three isoforms based on the redox states of the free cysteine residue at position 34. The redox state of serum albumin has long been extensively investigated in terms of oxidative stress-related chronic diseases, with the redox state of serum albumin having been regarded as a marker of systemic oxidative stress. However, according to recent animal studies, the redox state of serum albumin is modulated by albumin turnover and may also reflect amino acid/protein nutritional status. Furthermore, as the redox state of serum albumin is modulated by exercise training, measuring the pre- and post-exercise redox states of serum albumin in athletes may be useful in assessing amino acid/protein nutritional status and exercise-induced oxidative stress, which are closely associated with skeletal muscle adaptive responses. This article extensively reviews serum albumin and the redox state of albumin in the context of amino acid/protein nutritional status and exercise training.
白蛋白是哺乳动物血清中的主要蛋白质。它是在肝脏中专门合成的，然后分泌到循环中。与骨骼肌蛋白相似，白蛋白的合成受膳食氨基酸和蛋白质以及运动的刺激。白蛋白有三种同工型，基于位置 34 的游离半胱氨酸残基的氧化还原状态。长期以来，血清白蛋白的氧化还原状态一直广泛应用于与氧化应激相关的慢性疾病的研究，血清白蛋白的氧化还原状态被认为是全身氧化应激的标志物。然而，根据最近的动物研究，血清白蛋白的氧化还原状态是由白蛋白周转率调节的，也可能反映氨基酸/蛋白质的营养状况。此外，由于血清白蛋白的氧化还原状态受运动训练的调节，因此测量运动员运动前后的血清白蛋白氧化还原状态可能有助于评估氨基酸/蛋白质的营养状况和运动引起的氧化应激，这与骨骼肌的适应性反应密切相关。本文广泛综述了血清白蛋白和白蛋白的氧化还原状态在氨基酸/蛋白质营养状况和运动训练中的作用。
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