Danaei Mina, Jabbarinejad-Kermani Akram, Mohebbi Elham, Momeni Mohsen
Assistant Professor, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Senior Researcher, Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Addict Health. 2017 Apr;9(2):72-80.
Waterpipe smoking is a growing public health threat worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess waterpipe smoking prevalence and its associated factors among Iranian adults.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran, recruiting 1090 adult participants using multistage sampling in 2016. A self-reported researcher-designed questionnaire was used. The socio-demographic characteristics and waterpipe smoking behaviors such as pattern, duration, and the most common place of waterpipe use, the type of tobacco, and the concurrent use of alcohol and substances were assessed. Data analyses were performed using chi-square, independent t-test, and multiple logistic regression.
The prevalence of ever, current and daily waterpipe smoking were 43.8%, 28.8%, and 7.2%, respectively. Men initiated to use waterpipe in more early ages than women (P < 0.001). Café or restaurant (34.4%) and friends' house (36.8%) were the most frequent places for waterpipe using by men and women, respectively. Men used waterpipe 2.8 times more frequently than women. Waterpipe smoking was 4.9 times more likely in the 18-24 years age range compared to the 45 years or older. Waterpipe use was 2.4 times greater in the unemployed than in housewives. People with a university education were 1.4 and 1.7 times more likely to use waterpipe compared to people with high school diploma and illiterates, respectively.
The present study revealed that men, high level of education, younger age and unemployment were associated with waterpipe smoking. Therefore, we need to design and implement more effective interventions, especially for vulnerable target groups.
水烟吸食在全球范围内对公众健康构成的威胁日益增大。本研究旨在评估伊朗成年人中水烟吸食的流行情况及其相关因素。
本横断面研究于2016年在伊朗克尔曼进行，采用多阶段抽样招募了1090名成年参与者。使用了一份由研究人员自行设计的自填式问卷。评估了社会人口学特征以及水烟吸食行为，如吸食模式、持续时间、最常使用水烟的场所、烟草类型以及酒精和物质的同时使用情况。数据分析采用卡方检验、独立t检验和多元逻辑回归。
曾经吸食、当前吸食和每日吸食水烟的流行率分别为43.8%、28.8%和7.2%。男性开始吸食水烟的年龄比女性更早（P < 0.001）。咖啡馆或餐厅（34.4%）和朋友家（36.8%）分别是男性和女性最常吸食水烟的场所。男性吸食水烟的频率是女性的2.8倍。与45岁及以上人群相比，18 - 24岁年龄组吸食水烟的可能性高4.9倍。失业者吸食水烟的频率是家庭主妇的2.4倍。与高中文凭者和文盲相比，受过大学教育的人吸食水烟的可能性分别高1.4倍和1.7倍。
本研究表明，男性、高学历、年轻和失业与水烟吸食有关。因此，我们需要设计并实施更有效的干预措施，尤其是针对易受影响的目标群体。
