Tsang P S, Johnson W W
Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1989 Feb;60(2):130-5.
As the nature of a task changes with increasing automation, so do the cognitive demands on the human operator. The present study examines the implications of such changes on subjective workload and automation design issues. A variety of tasks (continuous flight control, discrete target acquisition, and decision making) was used to tax the different cognitive systems. Each task could be performed alone or in combination with other tasks. Performance and subjective workload ratings, obtained by three workload scales, were examined as a function of the level of automation. Results demonstrated the usefulness of the multiple resource approach to task analysis. All three workload scales were found to be sensitive to the task demands. The Bedford scale was particularly impressive in distinguishing the different types of resources in demand. Both the multiple resource model's performance predictions and the subjective workload ratings were shown to be invaluable for decisions on how and what to automate.
随着任务性质随着自动化程度的提高而变化，对人类操作员的认知要求也会发生变化。本研究考察了此类变化对主观工作量和自动化设计问题的影响。使用了各种任务（连续飞行控制、离散目标获取和决策）来考验不同的认知系统。每个任务既可以单独执行，也可以与其他任务组合执行。通过三种工作量量表获得的绩效和主观工作量评级，作为自动化水平的函数进行了考察。结果证明了多重资源方法在任务分析中的有用性。发现所有三种工作量量表对任务需求都很敏感。贝德福德量表在区分不同类型的需求资源方面尤其令人印象深刻。多重资源模型的绩效预测和主观工作量评级对于决定如何自动化以及自动化什么都具有极高的价值。
