Harris W C, Hancock P A, Arthur E J, Caird J K
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Int J Aviat Psychol. 1995;5(2):169-85. doi: 10.1207/s15327108ijap0502_3.
The experiments discussed in this article addressed the influence of part-task automation on operator performance, workload, and fatigue in a multitask environment. The overall task environment included tracking, resource management, and multiple monitoring subtasks. Slower, more accurate monitoring and better resource management were observed when the tracking subtask was automated. Although lower workload was reported when tracking was automated, fatigue increased equally during periods of manual and automatic tracking. When participants could control workload by shifting between manual and automatic tracking, participants with 7 hr of training switched between automatic and manual tracking. Their performance during optional automation periods was superior to their performance in conditions in which only manual control or only automated control was available. The findings argue for the utility of discretionary control of automated systems.
本文所讨论的实验探讨了部分任务自动化对多任务环境中操作员绩效、工作量和疲劳的影响。整体任务环境包括跟踪、资源管理和多个监测子任务。当跟踪子任务自动化时，观察到监测速度变慢但更准确，且资源管理更好。虽然在跟踪自动化时报告的工作量较低，但在手动跟踪和自动跟踪期间疲劳程度同等增加。当参与者能够通过在手动跟踪和自动跟踪之间切换来控制工作量时，经过7小时训练的参与者会在自动跟踪和手动跟踪之间切换。他们在可选择自动化期间的表现优于仅提供手动控制或仅提供自动控制条件下的表现。这些发现支持了对自动化系统进行自主控制的实用性。
