Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada N5V 4T3.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2018 Mar 1;94(3). doi: 10.1093/femsec/fix185.
A roundtable discussion held at the fourth International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance (EDAR4) considered key issues concerning the impact on the environment of antibiotic use in agriculture and aquaculture, and emissions from antibiotic manufacturing. The critical control points for reducing emissions of antibiotics from agriculture are antibiotic stewardship and the pre-treatment of manure and sludge to abate antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotics are sometimes added to fish and shellfish production sites via the feed, representing a direct route of contamination of the aquatic environment. Vaccination reduces the need for antibiotic use in high value (e.g. salmon) production systems. Consumer and regulatory pressure will over time contribute to reducing the emission of very high concentrations of antibiotics from manufacturing. Research priorities include the development of technologies, practices and incentives that will allow effective reduction in antibiotic use, together with evidence-based standards for antibiotic residues in effluents. All relevant stakeholders need to be aware of the threat of antimicrobial resistance and apply best practice in agriculture, aquaculture and pharmaceutical manufacturing in order to mitigate antibiotic resistance development. Research and policy development on antimicrobial resistance mitigation must be cognizant of the varied challenges facing high and low income countries.
在第四届抗生素耐药性环境维度国际研讨会（EDAR4）上举行的圆桌讨论审议了与农业和水产养殖中抗生素使用以及抗生素生产排放对环境的影响有关的关键问题。减少农业抗生素排放的关键控制点是抗生素管理和粪便与污泥的预处理，以减轻抗药性细菌。抗生素有时会通过饲料添加到鱼类和贝类生产场所，这代表了对水生环境的直接污染途径。疫苗接种减少了在高价值（如三文鱼）生产系统中抗生素的使用需求。消费者和监管压力将随着时间的推移有助于减少制造过程中非常高浓度抗生素的排放。研究重点包括开发技术、实践和激励措施，以有效减少抗生素的使用，并为抗生素残留制定基于证据的污水排放标准。所有相关利益攸关方都需要意识到抗微生物药物耐药性的威胁，并在农业、水产养殖和制药生产中应用最佳实践，以减轻抗生素耐药性的发展。关于缓解抗微生物药物耐药性的研究和政策制定必须认识到高收入和低收入国家面临的各种挑战。
