National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India.
Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, India.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2020 Jul;71(1):26-38. doi: 10.1111/lam.13292. Epub 2020 Apr 22.
One of the major problems to be addressed in aquaculture is the prominence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The occurrence of bacterial infections in cultured fishes promotes the continuous use of antibiotics in aquaculture, which results in the selection of proliferated antibiotic-resistant bacteria and increases the possibility of transfer to the whole environment through horizontal gene transfer. Hence, the accurate cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent detection methods are very much crucial for the immediate and proper management of this menace. Antimicrobial resistance determinants carrying mobile genetic transfer elements such as transposons, plasmids, integrons and gene cassettes need to be specifically analysed through molecular detection techniques. The susceptibility of microbes to antibiotics should be tested at regular intervals along with various biochemical assays and conjugation studies so as to determine the extent of spread of AMR. Advanced omic-based and bioinformatic tools can also be incorporated for understanding of genetic diversity. The present review focuses on different detection methods to unearth the complexity of AMR in aquaculture. This monitoring helps the authorities to curb the use of antibiotics, commencement of appropriate management measures and adequate substitute strategies in aquaculture. The long battle of AMR could be overcome by the sincere implementation of One Health approach. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The use of antibiotics and increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are of major concerns in aquaculture industry. This could result in global health risks through direct consumption of cultured fishes and dissemination of AMR to natural environment through horizontal gene transfer. Hence, timely detection of the antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and continuous monitoring programmes are inevitable. Advanced microbiological, molecular biological and omic-based tools can unravel the menace to a great extent. This will help the authorities to curb the use of antibiotics and implement appropriate management measures to overcome the threat.
水产养殖中需要解决的主要问题之一是抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）的突出问题。养殖鱼类的细菌感染促使在水产养殖中持续使用抗生素，这导致了增殖的抗生素耐药菌的选择，并增加了通过水平基因转移向整个环境转移的可能性。因此，准确的依赖培养和非依赖培养的检测方法对于这种威胁的及时和适当管理至关重要。携带转座子、质粒、整合子和基因盒等移动遗传转移元件的抗微生物药物耐药决定因素需要通过分子检测技术进行专门分析。微生物对抗生素的敏感性应定期与各种生化测定和杂交研究一起进行测试，以确定 AMR 的传播程度。先进的基于组学和生物信息学的工具也可用于了解遗传多样性。本综述重点介绍了不同的检测方法，以揭示水产养殖中 AMR 的复杂性。这种监测有助于当局遏制抗生素的使用，启动水产养殖中的适当管理措施和充分替代策略。通过真诚实施“同一健康”方法，可以克服 AMR 的长期斗争。
抗生素的使用和增加的抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）是水产养殖行业的主要关注点。这可能会通过直接食用养殖鱼类和通过水平基因转移将 AMR 传播到自然环境而导致全球健康风险。因此，及时检测抗微生物耐药性病原体和持续监测计划是必不可少的。先进的微生物学、分子生物学和基于组学的工具在很大程度上可以揭示这种威胁。这将有助于当局遏制抗生素的使用并实施适当的管理措施以克服这一威胁。
