Akerstedt T
Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1979;469:1-48.
Six studies on sleep/wake patterns and circadian rhythms were carried out. In summary: (1) Adrenaline excretion, self-rated activation, and body temperature rhythms persisted during sleep deprivation, resisted adjustment to rotating shift work, but adjusted rather well to permanent night work. Noradrenaline adjusted to most schedules and lost its rhythm during sleep deprivation. When night sleep was reintroduced the noradrenaline rhythm reappeared while the existing adrenaline rhythm was accentuated. (2) Exposure to a performance stressor at the trough raised adrenaline to daytime levels. An equally large response was seen at the peak. (3) Interindividual day-to-day consistency of 3 and 24 hour levels was high for both catecholamines. Intraindividual consistency of the 24-hour pattern was high for adrenaline but low for noradrenaline. Cosine estimates of adrenaline phase showed a considerable intraindividual consistency while interindividual consistency was poor. Noradrenaline had poor cosine fit. (4) Sleep deprivation did not change catecholamine excretion either during the vigil or during recovery sleep. (5) It was concluded that adrenaline excretion, rated alertness, and body temperature exhibited self-sustained circadian rhythms which made adjustment to new sleep/wake patterns very difficult, and that the noradrenaline excretion rhythm depended on exogenous factors.
开展了六项关于睡眠/觉醒模式和昼夜节律的研究。总结如下：(1) 在睡眠剥夺期间，肾上腺素排泄、自我评定的激活水平和体温节律持续存在，难以适应轮班工作，但能较好地适应长期夜班工作。去甲肾上腺素能适应大多数作息安排，在睡眠剥夺期间失去其节律。当重新恢复夜间睡眠时，去甲肾上腺素节律重新出现，而现有的肾上腺素节律则增强。(2) 在低谷期暴露于工作压力源会使肾上腺素升高至白天水平。在高峰期也会出现同样大的反应。(3) 两种儿茶酚胺在3小时和24小时水平上的个体间每日一致性都很高。肾上腺素24小时模式的个体内一致性很高，而去甲肾上腺素的个体内一致性很低。肾上腺素相位的余弦估计显示出相当高的个体内一致性，而个体间一致性较差。去甲肾上腺素的余弦拟合较差。(4) 睡眠剥夺在清醒期间或恢复睡眠期间均未改变儿茶酚胺排泄。(5) 研究得出结论，肾上腺素排泄、警觉性评定和体温呈现自我维持的昼夜节律，这使得适应新的睡眠/觉醒模式非常困难，而去甲肾上腺素排泄节律则依赖于外部因素。
