Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Antilles, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (EPS-IBPS), Paris, France.
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls/Mer, France.
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2018 Apr;20(2):144-154. doi: 10.1007/s10126-017-9791-3. Epub 2018 Jan 8.
In the context of global change, symbiotic cnidarians are largely affected by seawater temperature elevation leading to symbiosis breakdown. This process, also called bleaching, is triggered by the dysfunction of the symbiont photosystems causing an oxidative stress and cell death to both symbiont and host cells. In our study, we wanted to elucidate the intrinsic capacity of isolated animal cells to deal with thermal stress in the absence of symbiont. In that aim, we have characterized an animal primary cell culture form regenerating tentacles of the temperate sea anemone Anemonia viridis. We first compared the potential of whole tissue tentacle or separated epidermal or gastrodermal monolayers as tissue sources to settle animal cell cultures. Interestingly, only isolated cells extracted from whole tentacles allowed establishing a viable and proliferative primary cell culture throughout 31 days. The analysis of the expression of tissue-specific and pluripotency markers defined cultivated cells as differentiated cells with gastrodermal origin. The characterization of the animal primary cell culture allowed us to submit the obtained gastrodermal cells to hyperthermal stress (+ 5 and + 8 °C) during 1 and 7 days. Though cell viability was not affected at both hyperthermal stress conditions, cell growth drastically decreased. In addition, only a + 8 °C hyperthermia induced a transient increase of antioxidant defences at 1 day but no ubiquitin or carbonylation protein damages. These results demonstrated an intrinsic resistance of cnidarian gastrodermal cells to hyperthermal stress and then confirmed the role of symbionts in the hyperthermia sensitivity leading to bleaching.
在全球变化的背景下，共生刺胞动物在很大程度上受到海水温度升高的影响，导致共生关系破裂。这个过程也被称为漂白，是由共生体光合系统功能障碍引起的，导致共生体和宿主细胞发生氧化应激和细胞死亡。在我们的研究中，我们想阐明分离的动物细胞在没有共生体的情况下应对热应激的内在能力。为此，我们对来自温和海域海葵（Anemonia viridis）再生触须的动物原代细胞培养物进行了特征描述。我们首先比较了完整组织触须、分离的表皮或胃层单层作为组织来源来建立动物细胞培养物的潜力。有趣的是，只有从完整触须中分离出来的细胞才能建立一个可行且增殖的原代细胞培养物，持续 31 天。组织特异性和多能性标志物的表达分析将培养细胞定义为具有胃层起源的分化细胞。动物原代细胞培养物的特征描述使我们能够将获得的胃层细胞在 +5°C 和 +8°C 的超热应激条件下处理 1 天和 7 天。尽管在这两种超热应激条件下细胞活力不受影响，但细胞生长急剧下降。此外，只有 +8°C 的高温会在 1 天内短暂增加抗氧化防御，但不会导致泛素或羰基化蛋白损伤。这些结果表明，刺胞动物胃层细胞对超热应激具有内在抗性，从而证实了共生体在导致漂白的高温敏感性中的作用。
