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细菌生理学基础——历史、最新进展及未来展望,重点关注细胞大小控制:综述。

Fundamental principles in bacterial physiology-history, recent progress, and the future with focus on cell size control: a review.

机构信息

Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America. Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.

出版信息

Rep Prog Phys. 2018 May;81(5):056601. doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/aaa628. Epub 2018 Jan 9.

Abstract

Bacterial physiology is a branch of biology that aims to understand overarching principles of cellular reproduction. Many important issues in bacterial physiology are inherently quantitative, and major contributors to the field have often brought together tools and ways of thinking from multiple disciplines. This article presents a comprehensive overview of major ideas and approaches developed since the early 20th century for anyone who is interested in the fundamental problems in bacterial physiology. This article is divided into two parts. In the first part (sections 1-3), we review the first 'golden era' of bacterial physiology from the 1940s to early 1970s and provide a complete list of major references from that period. In the second part (sections 4-7), we explain how the pioneering work from the first golden era has influenced various rediscoveries of general quantitative principles and significant further development in modern bacterial physiology. Specifically, section 4 presents the history and current progress of the 'adder' principle of cell size homeostasis. Section 5 discusses the implications of coarse-graining the cellular protein composition, and how the coarse-grained proteome 'sectors' re-balance under different growth conditions. Section 6 focuses on physiological invariants, and explains how they are the key to understanding the coordination between growth and the cell cycle underlying cell size control in steady-state growth. Section 7 overviews how the temporal organization of all the internal processes enables balanced growth. In the final section 8, we conclude by discussing the remaining challenges for the future in the field.

摘要

细菌生理学是生物学的一个分支,旨在理解细胞繁殖的基本原理。细菌生理学中的许多重要问题本质上是定量的,该领域的主要贡献者通常将来自多个学科的工具和思维方式结合在一起。本文为任何对细菌生理学基本问题感兴趣的人提供了自 20 世纪初以来发展的主要思想和方法的综合概述。本文分为两部分。在第一部分(第 1-3 节)中,我们回顾了从 20 世纪 40 年代到 70 年代初的细菌生理学的第一个“黄金时代”,并提供了该时期的主要参考文献的完整列表。在第二部分(第 4-7 节)中,我们解释了第一个黄金时代的开创性工作如何影响了一般定量原理的各种重新发现以及现代细菌生理学的重大进一步发展。具体而言,第 4 节介绍了细胞大小稳态的“adder”原则的历史和当前进展。第 5 节讨论了细胞蛋白质组成的粗粒化的含义,以及在不同生长条件下粗粒化的蛋白质组“扇区”如何重新平衡。第 6 节重点介绍生理不变量,并解释它们是理解在稳定生长中细胞大小控制背后的生长和细胞周期之间协调的关键。第 7 节概述了如何使所有内部过程的时间组织能够实现平衡生长。在最后一节第 8 节中,我们通过讨论该领域未来仍面临的挑战来结束本文。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bfec/5897229/9bc9f90ce76f/nihms940154f1.jpg

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