Arora Kanika, Panda Kusuma Kumari, Mittal Shikha, Mallikarjuna Mallana Gowdra, Thirunavukkarasu Nepolean
Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Bioinform Biol Insights. 2017 Dec 19;11:1177932217747277. doi: 10.1177/1177932217747277. eCollection 2017.
Cell wall modification (CWM) promotes the formation of aerenchyma in roots under waterlogging conditions as an adaptive mechanism. Lysigenous aerenchyma formation in roots improves oxygen transfer in plants, which highlights the importance of CWM as a focal point in waterlogging stress tolerance. We investigated the structural and functional compositions of CWM genes and their expression patterns under waterlogging conditions in maize. Cell wall modification genes were identified for 3 known waterlogging-responsive -acting regulatory elements, namely, GC motif, anaerobic response elements, and G-box, and 2 unnamed elements. Structural motifs mapped in CWM genes were represented in genes regulating waterlogging stress-tolerant pathways, including fermentation, glycolysis, programmed cell death, and reactive oxygen species signaling. The highly aligned regions of characterized and uncharacterized CWM proteins revealed common structural domains amongst them. Membrane spanning regions present in the protein structures revealed transmembrane activity of CWM proteins in the plant cell wall. Cell wall modification proteins had interacted with ethylene-responsive pathway regulating genes (E3 ubiquitin ligases RNG finger and F-box) in a maize protein-protein interaction network. Cell wall modification genes had also coexpressed with energy metabolism, programmed cell death, and reactive oxygen species signaling, regulating genes in a single coexpression cluster. These configurations of CWM genes can be used to modify the protein expression in maize under waterlogging stress condition. Our study established the importance of CWM genes in waterlogging tolerance, and these genes can be used as candidates in introgression breeding and genome editing experiments to impart tolerance in maize hybrids.
细胞壁修饰（CWM）作为一种适应性机制，在渍水条件下促进根中通气组织的形成。根中溶生性通气组织的形成改善了植物体内的氧气传输，这凸显了CWM作为渍水胁迫耐受性关键因素的重要性。我们研究了玉米在渍水条件下CWM基因的结构和功能组成及其表达模式。针对3个已知的渍水响应作用调控元件，即GC基序、厌氧响应元件和G盒，以及2个未命名元件，鉴定出了细胞壁修饰基因。在CWM基因中定位的结构基序存在于调节渍水胁迫耐受途径的基因中，包括发酵、糖酵解、程序性细胞死亡和活性氧信号传导。已鉴定和未鉴定的CWM蛋白的高度比对区域揭示了它们之间共同的结构域。蛋白质结构中存在的跨膜区域揭示了CWM蛋白在植物细胞壁中的跨膜活性。在玉米蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络中，细胞壁修饰蛋白与乙烯响应途径调控基因（E3泛素连接酶RNG指和F盒）相互作用。细胞壁修饰基因还与能量代谢、程序性细胞死亡和活性氧信号传导调控基因在单个共表达簇中共表达。这些CWM基因的配置可用于在渍水胁迫条件下改变玉米中的蛋白质表达。我们的研究确立了CWM基因在耐渍性中的重要性，这些基因可作为渗入育种和基因组编辑实验的候选基因，以使玉米杂交种具有耐受性。
