Delatour Thierry, Racault Lucie, Bessaire Thomas, Desmarchelier Aurélien
a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2018 Apr;35(4):632-645. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1426890. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
Regulatory agencies and government authorities have established maximum residue limits (MRL) in various food matrices of animal origin for supporting governments and food operators in the monitoring of veterinary drug residues in the food chain, and ultimately in the consumer's plate. Today, about 200 veterinary drug residues from several families, mainly with antibiotic, antiparasitic or antiinflammatory activities, are regulated in a variety of food matrices such as milk, meat or egg. This article provides a review of the regulatory framework in milk and muscle including data from Codex Alimentarius, Europe, the U.S.A., Canada and China for about 220 veterinary drugs. The article also provides a comprehensive overview of the challenge for food control, and emphasizes the pivotal role of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), either in tandem with quadrupoles (LC-MS/MS) or high resolution MS (LC-HRMS), for ensuring an adequate consumer protection combined with an affordable cost. The capability of a streamlined LC-MS/MS platform for screening 152 veterinary drug residues in a broad range of raw materials and finished products is highlighted in a production line perspective. The rationale for a suite of four methods intended to achieve appropriate performance in terms of scope and sensitivity is presented. Overall, the platform encompasses one stream for the determination of 105 compounds in a run (based on acidic QuEChERS-like), plus two streams for 23 β-lactams (alkaline QuEChERS-like) and 10 tetracyclines (low-temperature partitioning), respectively, and a dedicated stream for 14 aminoglycosides (molecularly-imprinted polymer).
监管机构和政府部门已在各种动物源性食品基质中设定了最大残留限量（MRL），以支持政府和食品经营者监测食物链中的兽药残留，最终确保消费者盘中的食品安全。如今，在牛奶、肉类或蛋类等多种食品基质中，对来自几个类别的约200种兽药残留进行了监管，这些兽药主要具有抗生素、抗寄生虫或抗炎活性。本文综述了牛奶和肌肉中的监管框架，包括来自食品法典委员会、欧洲、美国、加拿大和中国的约220种兽药的数据。本文还全面概述了食品控制面临的挑战，并强调了液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS），无论是与四极杆串联（LC-MS/MS）还是高分辨质谱（LC-HRMS）联用，在确保消费者得到充分保护的同时保持成本可承受方面所起的关键作用。从生产线的角度突出了一个简化的LC-MS/MS平台在广泛的原材料和成品中筛查152种兽药残留的能力。介绍了一套旨在在范围和灵敏度方面实现适当性能的四种方法的基本原理。总体而言，该平台包括一个用于一次运行测定105种化合物的流程（基于酸性类QuEChERS方法），加上分别用于23种β-内酰胺类药物（碱性类QuEChERS方法）和10种四环素类药物（低温分配法）的两个流程，以及一个用于14种氨基糖苷类药物（分子印迹聚合物法）的专用流程。
