Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
Contact Dermatitis. 2018 Apr;78(4):266-273. doi: 10.1111/cod.12943. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
Dental technicians (DTs) are at increased risk for allergic contact sensitization.
To assess the current spectrum of occupational sensitization in DTs with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD).
A retrospective analysis of Information Network of Departments of Dermatology patch test data from the years 2001-2015 concerning DTs with OCD was performed.
Patients of the study group (226 DTs with OCD) were significantly more often diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis (37.6% versus 18.5%; p = 0.0002) than patients of the control group (124 DTs without OCD). In the study group, positive reactions were most frequently observed to methacrylates and/or acrylates (n = 67). Of these, 61 patients showed positive reactions to at least one of the five most frequent allergens in this group, namely 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and/or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. In contrast, no positive reactions to diurethane dimethacrylate (DUDMA) occurred. Among allergens of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group series 'dental metals', positive reactions were less frequent and were mainly to palladium chloride (n = 6).
The present data analysis showed that the sensitization spectrum and spectrum of cross-reactivity are largely unchanged as compared with the 1990s. It can be concluded that test recommendations are still valid and useful, except for the methacrylate DUDMA, which could be omitted.
牙科技术员（DT）发生过敏接触致敏的风险增加。
评估职业性接触性皮炎（OCD）牙科技术员（DT）中当前职业性致敏的情况。
对 2001-2015 年间皮肤科信息网络的斑贴试验数据进行回顾性分析，这些数据涉及 OCD 的 DT。
研究组（226 名 OCD 患者）患者的过敏性接触性皮炎诊断明显更为常见（37.6%比 18.5%；p=0.0002）。与对照组（124 名无 OCD 的 DT）相比。在研究组中，最常观察到对甲基丙烯酸酯和/或丙烯酸酯（n=67）的阳性反应。其中，61 名患者对该组中五种最常见过敏原中的至少一种呈阳性反应，即 2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、2-羟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基甲基丙烯酸酯、乙基甲基丙烯酸酯和/或乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯。相比之下，未发生二尿烷二甲基丙烯酸酯（DUDMA）的阳性反应。在德国接触性皮炎研究组系列“牙科金属”中的过敏原中，阳性反应的频率较低，主要为氯化钯（n=6）。
与 20 世纪 90 年代相比，目前的数据分析显示，致敏谱和交叉反应谱基本没有变化。可以得出结论，测试建议仍然有效且有用，除了甲基丙烯酸酯 DUDMA，可以省略。
