Cannabis Clinical Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
Cannabis Clinical Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
Eur J Intern Med. 2018 Mar;49:2-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.001. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
In 1937, the United States of America criminalized the use of cannabis and as a result its use decreased rapidly. In recent decades, there is a growing interest in the wide range of medical uses of cannabis and its constituents; however, the laws and regulations are substantially different between countries. Laws differentiate between raw herbal cannabis, cannabis extracts, and cannabinoid-based medicines. Both the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) do not approve the use of herbal cannabis or its extracts. The FDA approved several cannabinoid-based medicines, so did 23 European countries and Canada. However, only four of the reviewed countries have fully authorized the medical use of herbal cannabis - Canada, Germany, Israel and the Netherlands, together with more than 50% of the states in the United States. Most of the regulators allow the physicians to decide what specific indications they will prescribe cannabis for, but some regulators dictate only specific indications. The aim of this article is to review the current (as of November 2017) regulations of medical cannabis use in Europe and North America.
1937 年，美利坚合众国将大麻的使用定为刑事犯罪，因此其使用迅速减少。近几十年来，人们对大麻及其成分的广泛医疗用途产生了浓厚的兴趣；然而，各国的法律和法规有很大的不同。法律将生草药大麻、大麻提取物和基于大麻素的药物区分开来。欧洲药品管理局（EMA）和美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）都不批准使用草药大麻或其提取物。FDA 批准了几种基于大麻素的药物，23 个欧洲国家和加拿大也批准了。然而，只有四个审查过的国家完全授权医疗使用草药大麻 - 加拿大、德国、以色列和荷兰，以及美国的 50%以上的州。大多数监管机构允许医生决定为哪些具体适应症开大麻处方，但也有一些监管机构只规定具体适应症。本文的目的是回顾欧洲和北美的医用大麻使用的现行（截至 2017 年 11 月）法规。
