China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2018 Aug;40(4):1525-1539. doi: 10.1007/s10653-018-0069-0. Epub 2018 Jan 13.
Eighteen selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), consisting of five non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals (N-APs), four sulfonamides (SAs), four tetracyclines (TCs), four macrolides (MCs), and one quinolone (QN) were detected in water, pore water, and sediment samples from Baiyangdian Lake, China. A total of 31 water samples and 29 sediment samples were collected in March 2017. Caffeine was detected with 100% frequency in surface water, pore water, and sediment samples. Carbamazepine was detected with 100% frequency in surface water and sediment samples. Five N-APs were prominent, with mean concentrations of 4.90-266.24 ng/l in surface water and 5.07-14.73 μg/kg in sediment samples. Four MCs were prominent, with mean concentrations of 0.97-29.92 ng/l in pore water samples. The total concentrations of the different classes of PPCPs followed the order: N-APs (53.26%) > MCs (25.39) > SAs (10.06%) > TCs (7.64%) > QNs (3.64%) in surface water; N-APs (42.70%) > MCs (25.43%) > TCs (14.69%) > SAs (13.90%) > QNs (3.24%) in sediment samples, and MCs (42.12%) > N-APs (34.80%) > SAs (11.71%) > TCs (7.48%) > QNs (3.88%) in pore water samples. The geographical differences of PPCP concentrations were largely due to anthropogenic activities. Sewage discharged from Baoding City and human activities around Baiyangdian Lake were the main sources of PPCPs in the lake. An environmental risk assessment for the upper quartile concentration was undertaken using calculated risk quotients and indicated a low or medium-high risk from 18 PPCPs in Baiyangdian Lake and its five upstream rivers.
在中国白洋淀湖的水体、孔隙水和沉积物样本中检测到了 18 种选择的药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs），其中包括 5 种非抗生素药品（N-APs）、4 种磺胺类药物（SAs）、4 种四环素类药物（TCs）、4 种大环内酯类药物（MCs）和 1 种喹诺酮类药物（QN）。2017 年 3 月共采集了 31 个水样和 29 个沉积物样本。咖啡因在地表水、孔隙水和沉积物样本中均以 100%的频率被检出。卡马西平在地表水和沉积物样本中均以 100%的频率被检出。5 种 N-APs 较为显著，在地表水中的浓度均值为 4.90-266.24ng/L，在沉积物样本中的浓度均值为 5.07-14.73μg/kg。4 种 MCs 较为显著，在孔隙水中的浓度均值为 0.97-29.92ng/L。不同类别的 PPCPs 总浓度的顺序为：地表水中 N-APs（53.26%）>MCs（25.39%）>SAs（10.06%）>TCs（7.64%）>QNs（3.64%）；沉积物样本中 N-APs（42.70%）>MCs（25.43%）>TCs（14.69%）>SAs（13.90%）>QNs（3.24%）；孔隙水中 MCs（42.12%）>N-APs（34.80%）>SAs（11.71%）>TCs（7.48%）>QNs（3.88%）。PPCP 浓度的地域差异主要归因于人为活动。保定市排放的污水和白洋淀湖周边的人类活动是该湖及五条上游河流中 PPCPs 的主要来源。采用计算得到的风险商数对四分位浓度进行了环境风险评估，结果表明白洋淀湖及其五条上游河流中的 18 种 PPCPs 存在低或中高度风险。
