Zhang Panwei, Zhou Huaidong, Li Kun, Zhao Xiaohui, Liu Qiaona, Li Dongjiao, Zhao Gaofeng, Wang Liang
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China
Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China.
RSC Adv. 2018 Jan 26;8(9):4703-4712. doi: 10.1039/c7ra12945a. eCollection 2018 Jan 24.
Eighteen selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), consisting of five non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals (N-APs), four sulfonamides (SAs), four tetracyclines (TCs), four macrolides (MCs), and one quinolone (QN) were detected in surface water and sediments from Guanting Reservoir (GTR) and its upstream rivers in north China. Acetaminophen, caffeine, chlorotetracycline, and ofloxacin were detected with 100% frequency in the surface water of GTR and its upstream rivers, while diltiazem was also detected with 100% frequency in surface water from the reservoir's upstream rivers. Acetaminophen and caffeine were detected with 100% frequency in sediments from GTR and its upstream rivers, while high concentrations of ofloxacin in GTR, and carbamazepine, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline in upstream rivers were also detected in 100% of samples. Five N-APs, especially acetaminophen and caffeine, were prominent pollutants. The mean concentrations of acetaminophen were 155 and 302 ng L in surface water and 529 and 202 ng g in sediments from GTR and upstream rivers, respectively. The mean concentrations of caffeine were 208 and 338 ng L in surface water samples and 1430 and 1020 ng g in sediments from GTR and upstream rivers, respectively. The geographical differences in PPCP concentrations were largely due to anthropogenic activities. Sewage discharged from Zhangjiakou City and human activities around the GTR basin were the main sources of PPCPs in this area. An environmental risk assessment for the worst-case scenario was undertaken using calculated risk quotients, which indicated a medium risk from erythromycin in GTR and a high risk in its upstream rivers.
在中国北方官厅水库（GTR）及其上游河流的地表水和沉积物中，检测到了18种选定的药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs），包括5种非抗生素类药品（N - APs）、4种磺胺类药物（SAs）、4种四环素类药物（TCs）、4种大环内酯类药物（MCs）和1种喹诺酮类药物（QN）。对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、金霉素和氧氟沙星在GTR及其上游河流的地表水中检出频率均为100%，而地尔硫䓬在水库上游河流的地表水中检出频率也为100%。对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因在GTR及其上游河流的沉积物中检出频率均为100%，同时，GTR中高浓度的氧氟沙星以及上游河流中卡马西平、四环素和金霉素在所有样本中的检出率也均为100%。5种N - APs，尤其是对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因，是主要污染物。GTR和上游河流地表水中对乙酰氨基酚的平均浓度分别为155和302 ng/L，沉积物中分别为529和202 ng/g。GTR和上游河流地表水样本中咖啡因的平均浓度分别为208和338 ng/L，沉积物中分别为1430和1020 ng/g。PPCP浓度的地理差异主要归因于人为活动。张家口市排放的污水以及GTR流域周边的人类活动是该地区PPCPs的主要来源。利用计算得出的风险商数对最坏情况进行了环境风险评估，结果表明GTR中红霉素存在中等风险，其上游河流存在高风险。
