Departament of Theory and Methodology of Water Sports, University School of Physical Education, Cracov, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2012 May;32:197-210. doi: 10.2478/v10078-012-0036-2. Epub 2012 May 30.
Freediving is a sport in which athletes aim to achieve the longest or the deepest breath-hold dive. Divers are at risk of gradually increasing hypoxia and hypercapnia due to a long time spent underwater and additionally of increasing hyperoxia while depth diving. Exceeding the limits of hypoxia endurance leads to loss of consciousness or even to death whithout immediate first aid. Often enhanced world records indicate the ability to shape specific to the discipline adaptive mechanisms of cardio-pulmonary system which are individually conditioned. During stay underwater heartbeats decelerating called bradycardia, increase in blood pressure, peripheral blood vessels narrowing and blood centralization in freediver's organism. These mechanisms enhance blood oxygen management as well as transporting it first of all to essential for survival organs, i.e. brain and heart. These mechanisms are supported by spleen and adrenal glands hormonal reactions.
自由潜水是一项运动员旨在实现最长或最深的闭气潜水的运动。潜水员由于在水下停留时间长，并且在深度潜水时会逐渐增加缺氧和高碳酸血症的风险，此外还会增加高氧血症的风险。超过缺氧耐力的极限会导致失去意识，甚至在没有立即进行急救的情况下死亡。经常提高的世界纪录表明，有能力塑造心肺系统的特定于学科的适应机制，这些适应机制是个体调节的。在水下停留期间，心跳减速称为心动过缓，血压升高，外周血管变窄，血液集中在自由潜水员的体内。这些机制增强了血液中的氧气管理，首先将氧气输送到对生存至关重要的器官，即大脑和心脏。这些机制得到了脾脏和肾上腺激素反应的支持。
