咖啡饮用和咖啡因摄入与乳腺 X 线摄影密度的相关性研究。
Associations of coffee consumption and caffeine intake with mammographic breast density.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainessville, FL, 32610, USA.
Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
出版信息
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 May;169(1):115-123. doi: 10.1007/s10549-018-4667-4. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
PURPOSE
Previous studies suggest that coffee and caffeine intake may be associated with reduced breast cancer risk. We investigated the association of coffee and caffeine intake with mammographic breast density by woman's menopausal status and, in postmenopausal women, by hormone therapy (HT).
METHODS
This study included 4130 cancer-free women within the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II cohorts. Percent breast density (PD) was measured from digitized film mammograms using a computer-assisted thresholding technique and square root-transformed for the analysis. Average cumulative coffee/caffeine consumption was calculated using data from all food frequency questionnaires preceding the mammogram date. Information regarding breast cancer risk factors was obtained from questionnaires closest to the mammogram date. We used generalized linear regression to quantify associations of regular, decaffeinated, and total coffee, and energy-adjusted caffeine intake with percent density.
RESULTS
In multivariable analyses, decaffeinated coffee was positively associated with PD in premenopausal women (2+ cups/day: β = 0.23, p trend = 0.03). In postmenopausal women, decaffeinated and total coffee were inversely associated with PD (decaffeinated 2+ cups/day: β = - 0.24, p trend = 0.04; total 4+ cups/day: β = - 0.16, p trend = 0.02). Interaction of decaffeinated coffee with menopausal status was significant (p-interaction < 0.001). Among current HT users, regular coffee and caffeine were inversely associated with PD (regular coffee 4+ cups/day: β = - 0.29, p trend = 0.01; caffeine 4th vs. 1st quartile: β = - 0.32, p trend = 0.01). Among past users, decaffeinated coffee was inversely associated with PD (2+ cups/day β = - 0.70, p trend = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Associations of decaffeinated coffee with percent density differ by woman's menopausal status. Associations of regular coffee and caffeine with percent density may differ by HT status.
目的
先前的研究表明，咖啡和咖啡因的摄入可能与降低乳腺癌风险有关。我们通过女性的绝经状态以及绝经后女性的激素治疗（HT），调查了咖啡和咖啡因摄入与乳房 X 光片乳房密度的关系。
方法
这项研究包括了护士健康研究和护士健康研究 II 队列中的 4130 名无癌症的女性。使用计算机辅助阈值技术从数字化胶片乳房 X 光片中测量乳房密度百分比（PD），并进行平方根转换进行分析。使用乳房 X 光片日期之前所有的食物频率问卷中的数据计算平均累积咖啡/咖啡因摄入量。关于乳腺癌风险因素的信息是从最接近乳房 X 光片日期的问卷中获得的。我们使用广义线性回归来量化常规、无咖啡因和总咖啡以及能量调整后的咖啡因摄入量与密度百分比的关系。
结果
在多变量分析中，绝经前女性的无咖啡因咖啡与 PD 呈正相关（每天 2 杯以上：β=0.23，p 趋势=0.03）。绝经后女性的无咖啡因咖啡和总咖啡与 PD 呈负相关（无咖啡因咖啡每天 2 杯以上：β=-0.24，p 趋势=0.04；总咖啡 4 杯以上：β=-0.16，p 趋势=0.02）。无咖啡因咖啡与绝经状态的相互作用具有统计学意义（p 交互<0.001）。在当前 HT 用户中，常规咖啡和咖啡因与 PD 呈负相关（常规咖啡每天 4 杯以上：β=-0.29，p 趋势=0.01；咖啡因第 4 四分位与第 1 四分位：β=-0.32，p 趋势=0.01）。在过去的使用者中，无咖啡因咖啡与 PD 呈负相关（每天 2 杯以上：β=-0.70，p 趋势=0.02）。
结论
无咖啡因咖啡与密度百分比的关系因女性的绝经状态而异。常规咖啡和咖啡因与密度百分比的关系可能因 HT 状态而异。
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