Yaghjyan Lusine, Colditz Graham, Rosner Bernard, Rich Shannan, Egan Kathleen, Tamimi Rulla M
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Eur J Nutr. 2020 Jun;59(4):1633-1639. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02018-0. Epub 2019 May 31.
Previous studies suggest that coffee and caffeine intake may be associated with reduced breast cancer risk. To date, there is limited and inconsistent epidemiologic evidence for associations of adolescent diet with mammographic breast density, a strong and consistent predictor of breast cancer. We investigated the association of adolescent caffeine intake with mammographic density in premenopausal women.
This study included 751 cancer-free women within the Nurses' Health Study II cohort. Percent breast density (PD), absolute dense (DA) and non-dense areas (NDA) were measured from digitized film mammograms using a computer-assisted thresholding technique; all measures were square root-transformed. Energy-adjusted adolescent caffeine intake was estimated using the data from a food frequency questionnaire. Information regarding breast cancer risk factors was obtained from questionnaires closest to the mammogram date. We used generalized linear regression to quantify associations of caffeine intake with breast density measures.
In multivariable analyses, adolescent caffeine intake was not associated with any of the density phenotypes (caffeine 4th vs. 1st quartile: β = - 1.27, 95% CI - 4.62; 2.09, p-trend = 0.55 for percent density; β = - 0.21, 95% CI - 0.76, 0.34, p-trend = 0.65 for absolute dense area, and β = 0.23, 95% CI - 0.28, 0.74, p-trend = 0.50 for non-dense area). Additional adjustment of the models for body mass index at age 18 resulted in attenuation of the risk estimates.
Our findings do not support the hypothesis that adolescent caffeine intake is associated with premenopausal mammographic breast density.
既往研究表明，摄入咖啡和咖啡因可能与降低乳腺癌风险有关。迄今为止，关于青少年饮食与乳腺钼靶密度（乳腺癌的一个强有力且一致的预测指标）之间关联的流行病学证据有限且不一致。我们调查了青少年咖啡因摄入量与绝经前女性乳腺钼靶密度之间的关联。
本研究纳入了护士健康研究II队列中的751名无癌症女性。使用计算机辅助阈值技术从数字化乳腺钼靶片中测量乳腺密度百分比（PD）、绝对致密面积（DA）和非致密面积（NDA）；所有测量值均进行了平方根转换。使用食物频率问卷数据估算能量调整后的青少年咖啡因摄入量。有关乳腺癌风险因素的信息来自最接近乳腺钼靶检查日期的问卷。我们使用广义线性回归来量化咖啡因摄入量与乳腺密度测量值之间的关联。
在多变量分析中，青少年咖啡因摄入量与任何密度表型均无关联（咖啡因摄入量第4四分位数与第1四分位数相比：密度百分比的β=-1.27，95%CI为-4.62至2.09，p趋势=0.55；绝对致密面积的β=-0.21，95%CI为-0.76至0.34，p趋势=0.65；非致密面积的β=0.23，95%CI为-0.28至0.74，p趋势=0.50）。对模型进一步调整18岁时的体重指数后，风险估计值有所减弱。
我们的研究结果不支持青少年咖啡因摄入量与绝经前乳腺钼靶密度相关的假设。
