Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; email:
Annu Rev Biophys. 2018 May 20;47:63-83. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-070317-033259. Epub 2018 Jan 18.
In eukaryotes, distinct transport vesicles functionally connect various intracellular compartments. These carriers mediate transport of membranes for the biogenesis and maintenance of organelles, secretion of cargo proteins and peptides, and uptake of cargo into the cell. Transport vesicles have distinct protein coats that assemble on a donor membrane where they can select cargo and curve the membrane to form a bud. A multitude of structural elements of coat proteins have been solved by X-ray crystallography. More recently, the architectures of the COPI and COPII coats were elucidated in context with their membrane by cryo-electron tomography. Here, we describe insights gained from the structures of these two coat lattices and discuss the resulting functional implications.
在真核生物中，不同的运输小泡在功能上连接着各种细胞内隔室。这些载体介导膜的运输，用于细胞器的生物发生和维持、货物蛋白和肽的分泌以及货物进入细胞。运输小泡具有独特的蛋白质外壳，这些外壳在供体膜上组装，在那里它们可以选择货物并使膜弯曲形成芽。许多 coat 蛋白的结构元件已通过 X 射线晶体学得到解决。最近，通过冷冻电子断层摄影术，阐明了 COPI 和 COPII 衣壳与其膜的结构。在这里，我们描述了从这两种衣壳晶格结构中获得的见解，并讨论了由此产生的功能意义。
