Boyes Randy, O'Sullivan Dylan E, Linden Brooke, McIsaac Michael, Pickett William
Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Canada.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Canada.
SSM Popul Health. 2017 Aug 22;3:663-673. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.08.006. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Canadian adolescents have some of the highest rates of substance use in the world. The etiology of this phenomenon has not been fully explored, and one possible contextual determinant is involvement in sport activities that foster risk-taking behaviors through physical and social mechanisms. Using the 2013-14 Health Behaviour in School Aged Children (HBSC) study we therefore examined this hypothesis in a contemporary national sample of Canadian adolescents. The strength and direction of the relationship between sport and substance use varied by gender and substance, with team sport participation associated with increased binge drinking (RR 1.33 [95% CI 1.13-1.56] for boys, RR 1.21 [1.06-1.38] for girls) and use of smokeless tobacco (RR 1.68 [1.34-2.10] for boys, RR 1.32 [1.01-1.72] for girls), but with lower prevalence levels of cannabis use (RR 0.73 [95% CI 0.61-0.88]) and cigarette smoking (RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.70-0.89]) in girls alone. We also compared team sport athletes with high social involvement (sports team as primary peer group) and physical involvement (higher number of days/week physically active) to those with low involvement. For boys, the combination of high physical and high social involvement was associated with the highest risk, while high social involvement alone was associated with the greatest risk for girls. While team sport participation confers only a small increased risk for substance use, the prevalence of sport participation results in a large population impact. Given this fact, interventions such as education for parents and coaches and policies encouraging engagement in a variety of extracurricular activities should be explored.
加拿大青少年的物质使用发生率在世界上处于较高水平。这一现象的病因尚未得到充分探究，一个可能的背景决定因素是参与体育活动，这些活动通过身体和社会机制助长冒险行为。因此，我们利用2013 - 14年学龄儿童健康行为（HBSC）研究，在加拿大青少年的当代全国样本中检验了这一假设。体育活动与物质使用之间关系的强度和方向因性别和物质而异，团队运动参与与暴饮酒精增加相关（男孩的相对风险为1.33 [95%置信区间1.13 - 1.56]，女孩为1.21 [1.06 - 1.38]）以及使用无烟烟草（男孩的相对风险为1.68 [1.34 - 2.10]，女孩为1.32 [1.01 - 1.72]），但仅在女孩中，大麻使用（相对风险0.73 [95%置信区间0.61 - 0.88]）和吸烟（相对风险0.79 [95%置信区间0.70 - 0.89]）的流行率较低。我们还将具有高社会参与度（以运动队作为主要同龄人群体）和高身体参与度（每周身体活动天数较多）的团队运动运动员与参与度低的运动员进行了比较。对于男孩，高身体参与度和高社会参与度的组合与最高风险相关，而仅高社会参与度与女孩的最大风险相关。虽然团队运动参与仅使物质使用风险略有增加，但体育活动参与的流行率导致了对大量人群的影响。鉴于这一事实，应探索诸如对家长和教练进行教育以及鼓励参与各种课外活动的政策等干预措施。
