College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Sports Med. 2018 Mar;48(3):683-703. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0832-x.
Athletes experience various situations and conditions that can interfere with their sleep, which is crucial for optimal psychological and physiological recovery as well as subsequent performance. Conventional sleep screening and intervention approaches may not be efficacious for athletes given their lifestyle, the demands of training and travel associated with interstate/international competition.
The present systematic review aimed to summarize and evaluate sleep intervention studies targeting subsequent performance and recovery in competitive athletes. Based on the findings, a secondary aim was to outline a possible sleep intervention for athletes, including recommendations for content, mode of delivery and evaluation.
A systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines in May 2016 with an update completed in September 2017. Ten studies met our inclusion criteria comprising a total of 218 participants in the age range of 18-24 years with athletes from various sports (e.g., swimming, soccer, basketball, tennis). A modified version of the quality assessment scale developed by Abernethy and Bleakley was used to evaluate the quality of the studies.
The included studies implemented several sleep interventions, including sleep extension and napping, sleep hygiene, and post-exercise recovery strategies. Evidence suggests that sleep extension had the most beneficial effects on subsequent performance. Consistent with previous research, these results suggest that sleep plays an important role in some, but not all, aspects of athletes' performance and recovery.
Future researchers should aim to conduct sleep interventions among different athlete populations, compare results, and further establish guidelines and intervention tools for athletes to address their specific sleep demands and disturbances.
运动员会经历各种可能影响睡眠的情况和环境，而睡眠对于最佳的心理和生理恢复以及随后的表现至关重要。鉴于运动员的生活方式、训练的要求以及州际/国际比赛带来的旅行，传统的睡眠筛查和干预方法可能对他们并不有效。
本系统综述旨在总结和评估针对竞技运动员后续表现和恢复的睡眠干预研究。基于研究结果，我们还旨在概述一种可能适用于运动员的睡眠干预方法，包括内容、交付模式和评估的建议。
我们于 2016 年 5 月按照 PRISMA 指南进行了系统综述，并于 2017 年 9 月进行了更新。有 10 项研究符合我们的纳入标准，共纳入 218 名年龄在 18-24 岁之间的运动员，涉及的运动项目包括游泳、足球、篮球和网球等。我们使用由 Abernethy 和 Bleakley 制定的改良版质量评估量表来评估研究的质量。
纳入的研究实施了几种睡眠干预措施，包括延长睡眠时间和小睡、睡眠卫生和运动后恢复策略。有证据表明，延长睡眠时间对随后的表现最有益。与之前的研究一致，这些结果表明，睡眠在运动员表现和恢复的某些方面（但不是所有方面）起着重要作用。
未来的研究人员应该针对不同的运动员群体开展睡眠干预研究，比较结果，并进一步为运动员制定指导方针和干预工具，以满足他们特定的睡眠需求和干扰。
