1Centre of Excellence for Nutrition,North-West University,Potchefstroom 2520,South Africa.
2Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit,South African Medical Research Council,Cape Town 7505,South Africa.
Br J Nutr. 2018 Mar;119(6):610-619. doi: 10.1017/S000711451700366X. Epub 2018 Jan 21.
Zn status may affect fatty acid (FA) metabolism because it acts as a cofactor in FA desaturase and elongase enzymes. Zn supplementation affects the FA desaturases of Zn-deficient rats, but whether this occurs in humans is unclear. We evaluated the associations between baseline plasma Zn (PZn) concentration and plasma total phospholipid FA composition, as well as the effect of daily consumption of Zn-fortified water on FA status in Beninese children. A 20-week, double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted in 186 school age children. The children were randomly assigned to receive a daily portion of Zn-fortified, filtered water delivering on average 2·8 mg Zn/d or non-fortified filtered water. Plasma total phospholipid FA composition was determined using capillary GLC and PZn concentrations by atomic absorption spectrometry. At baseline, PZn correlated positively with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, r 0·182; P=0·024) and the DGLA:linoleic acid (LA) ratio (r 0·293; P<0·000), and negatively with LA (r -0·211; P=0·009) and the arachidonic acid:DGLA ratio (r -0·170; P=0·036). With the intervention, Zn fortification increased nervonic acid (B: 0·109; 95 % CI 0·001, 0·218) in all children (n 186) and more so in children who were Zn-deficient (n 60) at baseline (B: 0·230; 95 % CI 0·023, 0·488). In conclusion, in this study, Zn-fortified filtered water prevented the reduction of nervonic acid composition in the plasma total phospholipids of children, and this effect was stronger in Zn-deficient children. Thus, Zn status may play an important role in FA desaturation and/or elongation.
锌的状态可能会影响脂肪酸（FA）的代谢，因为它作为 FA 去饱和酶和延长酶的辅助因子发挥作用。锌补充剂会影响缺锌大鼠的 FA 去饱和酶，但这种情况是否发生在人类身上尚不清楚。我们评估了基础血浆锌（PZn）浓度与血浆总磷脂 FA 组成之间的关系，以及在贝宁儿童中每天饮用补锌水对 FA 状态的影响。在 186 名学龄儿童中进行了一项为期 20 周、双盲、随机对照试验。这些儿童被随机分配接受每日补锌、过滤水的剂量，平均每天提供 2.8 毫克锌，或接受非强化过滤水。使用毛细管 GLC 测定血浆总磷脂 FA 组成，原子吸收光谱法测定 PZn 浓度。在基线时，PZn 与二高-γ-亚麻酸（DGLA，r 0.182；P=0.024）和 DGLA：亚油酸（LA）比值（r 0.293；P<0.000）呈正相关，与 LA（r -0.211；P=0.009）和花生四烯酸：DGLA 比值（r -0.170；P=0.036）呈负相关。随着干预的进行，补锌使所有儿童（n=186）的神经酸（B：0.109；95%CI 0.001，0.218）增加，基线时缺锌的儿童（n=60）增加更多（B：0.230；95%CI 0.023，0.488）。总之，在这项研究中，补锌过滤水防止了儿童血浆总磷脂中神经酸组成的减少，而这种作用在缺锌儿童中更强。因此，锌的状态可能在 FA 去饱和和/或延长中发挥重要作用。
