Melugin Heath P, Leafblad Nels D, Camp Christopher L, Conte Stan
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA.
Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2018 Mar;11(1):26-34. doi: 10.1007/s12178-018-9456-5.
This review examines recent literature on injury epidemiology and prevention in the sport of baseball from youth to professional levels.
Overuse is the predominant mechanism of injury in youth baseball players. Newer stretching and exercise protocols may help prevent these injuries. At the professional level, however, overuse has not been proven to correlate with increased injury incidence, but pitch counts are still monitored. There continues to be a rise in operations performed for baseball-related injuries, including ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction, particularly in younger athletes. As the level of play increases, there is significant loss of participation due to injuries, such as the UCL in the upper extremity and the hamstrings in the lower extremity. Baseball is a widely popular sport, which has led to a focus on injury epidemiology and prevention. While the majority of research regarding baseball injuries focuses on pitchers, fielders and catchers are also at risk. In an attempt to decrease non-contact injuries in the upper and lower extremities, stretching and strengthening exercises are vitally important. Because injury profiles demonstrate significant variability from youth to professional baseball, unique prevention strategies are likely necessary at each level. More research is needed to develop and validate appropriately targeted injury prevention programs.
本综述探讨了近期关于从青少年到职业水平的棒球运动中损伤流行病学及预防的文献。
过度使用是青少年棒球运动员受伤的主要机制。新的拉伸和锻炼方案可能有助于预防这些损伤。然而，在职业水平上，过度使用尚未被证明与损伤发生率增加相关，但投球次数仍受到监测。因棒球相关损伤而进行的手术持续增加，包括尺侧副韧带（UCL）重建，尤其是在年轻运动员中。随着比赛水平的提高，因损伤导致的参与度显著下降，如上肢的UCL和下肢的腘绳肌损伤。棒球是一项广受欢迎的运动，这导致了对损伤流行病学及预防的关注。虽然大多数关于棒球损伤的研究集中在投手，但外野手和捕手也有受伤风险。为了减少上下肢的非接触性损伤，拉伸和强化锻炼至关重要。由于从青少年棒球到职业棒球的损伤情况存在显著差异，每个水平可能都需要独特的预防策略。需要更多研究来制定和验证针对性适当的损伤预防计划。
