Yang Yang, Knight Kevin, Joe George W, Rowan-Szal Grace A, Lehman Wayne E K, Flynn Patrick M
Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
J Offender Rehabil. 2013;52(8):544-564. doi: 10.1080/10509674.2013.840353. Epub 2013 Oct 28.
The current study modeled 12 month post-release re-arrest (recidivism) in terms of pretreatment risk factors (i.e., criminal history, criminal thinking,) and during-treatment engagement in a sample of 653 subjects admitted to four prison-based substance treatment programs. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test during-treatment engagement as a mediator variable in explaining the relationship between the pretreatment risk factors and recidivism. Results indicated that (1) a long history of criminal conduct correlated with criminal thinking, which in turn had a significantly negative relationship with engagement in treatment; (2) the level of criminal involvement had a significant relationship with re-arrest, whereas the level of criminal thinking did not influence being re-arrested directly; (3) the relationship between criminal history and re-arrest was partially mediated by criminal thinking and treatment engagement, whereas the relationship between criminal thinking and re-arrest was fully mediated by treatment engagement. The findings suggest that it is important to design interventions targeting criminal thinking and monitor treatment engagement as an indicator of treatment performance. Clinical implications also include the importance of facilitating treatment engagement and the utility of conducting prognostic assessment to inform treatment.
本研究以653名进入四个监狱戒毒项目的受试者为样本，根据治疗前的风险因素（即犯罪史、犯罪思维）和治疗期间的参与情况，对释放后12个月的再次被捕（累犯）进行了建模。采用结构方程模型来检验治疗期间的参与情况作为中介变量，以解释治疗前风险因素与累犯之间的关系。结果表明：（1）长期的犯罪行为史与犯罪思维相关，而犯罪思维又与治疗参与度呈显著负相关；（2）犯罪参与程度与再次被捕有显著关系，而犯罪思维程度并未直接影响再次被捕；（3）犯罪史与再次被捕之间的关系部分由犯罪思维和治疗参与度介导，而犯罪思维与再次被捕之间的关系完全由治疗参与度介导。研究结果表明，设计针对犯罪思维的干预措施并将治疗参与度作为治疗效果的指标进行监测非常重要。临床意义还包括促进治疗参与度的重要性以及进行预后评估以指导治疗的实用性。
