Andrews D A, Dowden Craig
Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2006 Feb;50(1):88-100. doi: 10.1177/0306624X05282556.
Recent meta-analyses have documented considerable evidence demonstrating that correctional treatment programs are indeed effective for reducing recidivism in offender populations. The effect of client risk, an issue that has received extensive coverage in the extant literature from an assessment perspective, has been relatively ignored in these efforts. The present study marks the first exhaustive meta-analytic investigation of the risk principle and its effects on correctional treatment program effectiveness. The results reveal moderate support for its utility, although the magnitude of the findings are affected by the reporting practices used in the primary studies. Finally, the evidence supporting the risk principle is much stronger for female offenders and young offenders and within programs that are deemed appropriate according to the principles of need and responsivity. It should be noted that justice interventions that did not include elements of human service (e.g., increased sanctions) yielded negative results regardless of level of client risk.
近期的荟萃分析记录了大量证据，表明惩教治疗项目确实能有效减少罪犯群体的再犯率。从评估角度来看，服务对象风险这一问题在现有文献中已有广泛论述，但在这些研究中相对被忽视。本研究首次对风险原则及其对惩教治疗项目效果的影响进行了详尽的荟萃分析调查。结果显示对其效用有适度支持，尽管研究结果的规模受到原始研究中报告方式的影响。最后，对于女性罪犯和年轻罪犯以及在根据需求和响应性原则被认为合适的项目中，支持风险原则的证据要有力得多。需要注意的是，不包含人类服务要素（如增加制裁）的司法干预措施，无论服务对象风险水平如何，都会产生负面结果。
