The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et d'Aquaculture, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin.
Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Apr;75:253-262. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.032. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
This study evaluated the effects of dietary substitution of fishmeal by graded levels of a blend composed of Aspergillus oryzae fermented rapeseed meal [0% (RM0), 25% (RM25), 50% (RM50), 75% (RM75) and 100% (RM100)] on growth performance, haemato-immunological responses and antioxidative status of Pagrus major (average weight 5.5 ± 0.02 g). After 56 days, growth performances were significantly improved in fish fed RM25 diet compared to control (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, up to 50% replacement of fishmeal did not affect growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, protein apparent digestibility, protease activity, fish somatic indices and survival compared to control. While blood hematocrit and plasma protein were significantly enhanced in groups fed RM0 and RM25 diets, most of the hematological parameters did not change through the trial except glutamic pyruvate transaminase which was significantly increased in RM75 and RM100 groups and blood cholesterol which was gradually decreased with the increasing level of the blend. Interestingly, feeding fish with RM25 and RM50 diets significantly showed enhanced lysozyme, bactericidal and peroxidase activities and fish fed the same diets showed high resistance against oxidative stress (biological antioxidant potential and reactive oxygen metabolites). Additionally, catalase activity and tolerance against low salinity seawater were higher in fish fed RM25 diet. These findings suggested that, at a moderate level (25% and 50%), substitution of fishmeal by the fermented rapeseed meal promoted growth, nutrient utilization, and exerted immune responses and anti-oxidative effects in red sea bream.
本研究评估了用发酵菜籽粕混合物（0%（RM0）、25%（RM25）、50%（RM50）、75%（RM75）和 100%（RM100）替代鱼粉对黄鳍鲷（平均体重 5.5±0.02g）生长性能、血液免疫反应和抗氧化状态的影响。56 天后，与对照组相比，饲喂 RM25 日粮的鱼的生长性能显著提高（P<0.05）。同时，与对照组相比，高达 50%的鱼粉替代对生长性能、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率比、蛋白质表观消化率、蛋白酶活性、鱼体指数和存活率没有影响。然而，在 RM0 和 RM25 日粮组中，血液红细胞压积和血浆蛋白显著提高，除谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶在 RM75 和 RM100 组显著增加，血液胆固醇逐渐降低外，试验期间大多数血液参数没有变化。有趣的是，饲喂 RM25 和 RM50 日粮的鱼的溶菌酶、杀菌和过氧化物酶活性显著增强，饲喂相同日粮的鱼对氧化应激具有高抵抗力（生物抗氧化潜力和活性氧代谢物）。此外，在饲喂 RM25 日粮的鱼中，过氧化氢酶活性和耐低盐海水能力较高。这些结果表明，在中等水平（25%和 50%）下，用发酵菜籽粕替代鱼粉可促进黄鳍鲷的生长、营养利用，并发挥免疫反应和抗氧化作用。
