Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan; Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI-DOKI), Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Aug;79:303-312. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.035. Epub 2018 May 21.
The effects of dietary administration of Bacillus subtilis on the growth, digestive enzyme activity, blood chemistry, oxidative status and immune response of red sea bream (Pagrus major) were evaluated in the current study. Fish fed five different levels of B. subtilis at 0 (BS0), 1 × 10 (BS1), 1 × 10 (BS2), 1 × 10 (BS3) and 1 × 10 (BS4) CFU kg diet for 60 days. The obtained results showed that B. subtilis supplementation significantly improved growth performance (FBW, WG and SGR), feed utilization (FI, FCE, PER and PG) and whole-body protein content when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the specific activities of amylase, protease and lipase enzymes up regulated significantly upon B. subtilis incorporation in red sea bream diets (P < 0.05). No changes have been reported on blood biochemical variables except for the plasma total protein, which increased significantly in fish fed BS3 diet when compared with the control diet (P < 0.05). Hematocrit, hemoglobin and the nitro blue tetrazolium values also reported the highest values significantly in fish fed B. subtilis, especially in case of BS3 and BS4 diets (P < 0.05). Serum bactericidal activity enhanced significantly in BS2, BS3 and BS4 groups (P < 0.05), while mucus bactericidal activity showed no significant activity among tested groups (P > 0.05). Serum lysozyme activity exhibited higher values in case of BS3 and BS4 groups than BS0 group (P < 0.05), while mucus lysozyme activity increased only in BS3 group. Also, serum peroxidase activity enhanced significantly in fish fed BS2 and BS3 diets (P < 0.05), however, no activities were observed in the collected mucus. All groups reflexed high tolerance ability against oxidative stress except for BS0 and BS1 groups. Additionally, catalase activity increased significantly in all B. subtilis fed groups when compared to BS0 group (P < 0.05). Considering the obtained results, the supplementation of B. subtilis in the diet of red sea bream at 1 × 10 and 1 × 10 CFU kg diet could improve the growth, feed utilization, health condition and immune response.
本研究评估了枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）对真鲷（Pagrus major）生长、消化酶活性、血液生化、氧化状态和免疫反应的影响。将鱼分别投喂 5 种不同水平的枯草芽孢杆菌饲料（BS0、BS1、BS2、BS3 和 BS4，分别为 0、1×10、1×10、1×10 和 1×10 CFU kg 饲料），为期 60 天。结果表明，与对照组相比，枯草芽孢杆菌的添加显著提高了真鲷的生长性能（FBW、WG 和 SGR）、饲料利用率（FI、FCE、PER 和 PG）和全鱼体蛋白质含量（P＜0.05）。此外，枯草芽孢杆菌添加到真鲷饲料中后，淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶的比活力显著上调（P＜0.05）。除了血浆总蛋白外，血液生化变量没有变化，BS3 组的血浆总蛋白显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。红细胞压积、血红蛋白和硝基四唑蓝值也显著升高，尤其是在 BS3 和 BS4 组（P＜0.05）。BS2、BS3 和 BS4 组的血清杀菌活性显著增强（P＜0.05），而黏液杀菌活性在各试验组之间没有显著差异（P＞0.05）。BS3 和 BS4 组的血清溶菌酶活性高于 BS0 组（P＜0.05），而黏液溶菌酶活性仅在 BS3 组增加。此外，BS2 和 BS3 组的血清过氧化物酶活性显著增强（P＜0.05），但在采集的黏液中没有观察到活性。所有组对氧化应激都表现出较高的耐受能力，除了 BS0 和 BS1 组。此外，与 BS0 组相比，枯草芽孢杆菌添加组的过氧化氢酶活性显著升高（P＜0.05）。考虑到这些结果，枯草芽孢杆菌在真鲷饲料中的添加量为 1×10 和 1×10 CFU kg 饲料可以提高生长性能、饲料利用率、健康状况和免疫反应。
