Nathans J, Thomas D, Hogness D S
Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):193-202. doi: 10.1126/science.2937147.
Human color vision is based on three light-sensitive pigments. The isolation and sequencing of genomic and complementary DNA clones that encode the apoproteins of these three pigments are described. The deduced amino acid sequences show 41 +/- 1 percent identity with rhodopsin. The red and green pigments show 96 percent mutual identity but only 43 percent identity with the blue pigment. Green pigment genes vary in number among color-normal individuals and, together with a single red pigment gene, are proposed to reside in a head-to-tail tandem array within the X chromosome.
人类的色觉基于三种光敏感色素。本文描述了编码这三种色素脱辅基蛋白的基因组和互补DNA克隆的分离与测序。推导的氨基酸序列显示与视紫红质有41±1%的同源性。红色和绿色色素之间有96%的同源性，但与蓝色色素只有43%的同源性。绿色色素基因在色觉正常的个体中数量不同，并且与单个红色色素基因一起，被认为以头对头的串联阵列形式存在于X染色体中。
