Barredo Jose L, García-Estrada Carlos, Kosalkova Katarina, Barreiro Carlos
CRYSTAL PHARMA S.A.U. Parque Tecnológico de León, C/Nicostrato Vela s/n, 24009 León, Spain.
INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real, 1, 24006 León, Spain.
J Fungi (Basel). 2017 Jul 30;3(3):44. doi: 10.3390/jof3030044.
Carotenoids are organic lipophilic yellow to orange and reddish pigments of terpenoid nature that are usually composed of eight isoprene units. This group of secondary metabolites includes carotenes and xanthophylls, which can be naturally obtained from photosynthetic organisms, some fungi, and bacteria. One of the microorganisms able to synthesise carotenoids is the heterobasidiomycetous yeast , which represents the teleomorphic state of , and is mainly used for the production of the xanthophyll astaxanthin. Upgraded knowledge on the biosynthetic pathway of the main carotenoids synthesised by , the biotechnology-based improvement of astaxanthin production, as well as the current omics approaches available in this yeast are reviewed in depth.
类胡萝卜素是具有萜类性质的有机亲脂性黄色至橙色及红色色素，通常由八个异戊二烯单元组成。这类次生代谢产物包括胡萝卜素和叶黄素，它们可从光合生物、一些真菌和细菌中天然获取。能够合成类胡萝卜素的微生物之一是异担子菌酵母，它代表了的有性态，主要用于生产叶黄素虾青素。本文深入综述了关于由合成的主要类胡萝卜素生物合成途径的最新知识、基于生物技术的虾青素生产改进方法，以及该酵母目前可用的组学方法。
