Wellard-Cole Lyndal, Jung Jisu, Kay Judy, Rangan Anna, Chapman Kathy, Watson Wendy L, Hughes Clare, Ni Mhurchu Cliona, Bauman Adrian, Gemming Luke, Yacef Kalina, Koprinska Irena, Allman-Farinelli Margaret
Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Computer Human Adapted Interaction Research Group, School of Information Technology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2018 Jan 26;7(1):e24. doi: 10.2196/resprot.9038.
Young Australians aged between 18 and 30 years have experienced the largest increase in the body mass index and spend the largest proportion of their food budget on fast food and eating out. Frequent consumption of foods purchased and eaten away from home has been linked to poorer diet quality and weight gain. There has been no Australian research regarding quantities, type, or the frequency of consumption of food prepared outside the home by young adults and its impact on their energy and nutrient intakes.
The objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of different food outlets (eg, fast food chain, independent takeaway food store, coffee shop, etc) to the overall food and beverage intake of young adults; to assess the extent to which food and beverages consumed away from home contribute to young adults' total energy and deleterious nutrient intakes; and to study social and physical environmental interactions with consumption patterns of young adults.
A cross-sectional study of 1008 young adults will be conducted. Individuals are eligible to participate if they: (1) are aged between 18 and 30 years; (2) reside in New South Wales, Australia; (3) own or have access to a smartphone; (4) are English-literate; and (5) consume at least one meal, snack, or drink purchased outside the home per week. An even spread of gender, age groups (18 to 24 years and 25 to 30 years), metropolitan or regional geographical areas, and high and low socioeconomic status areas will be included. Participants will record all food and drink consumed over 3 consecutive days, together with location purchased and consumed in our customized smartphone app named Eat and Track (EaT). Participants will then complete an extensive demographics questionnaire. Mean intakes of energy, nutrients, and food groups will be calculated along with the relative contribution of foods purchased and eaten away from home. A subsample of 19.84% (200/1008) of the participants will complete three 24-hour recall interviews to compare with the data collected using EaT. Data mining techniques such as clustering, decision trees, neural networks, and support vector machines will be used to build predictive models and identify important patterns.
Recruitment is underway, and results will be available in 2018.
The contribution of foods prepared away from home, in terms of energy, nutrients, deleterious nutrients, and food groups to young people's diets will be determined, as will the impact on meeting national recommendations. Foods and consumption behaviors that should be targeted in future health promotion efforts for young adults will be identified.
18至30岁的澳大利亚年轻人身体质量指数增长幅度最大，且其食品预算中用于购买快餐和外出就餐的比例最高。经常食用在外购买和食用的食品与较差的饮食质量及体重增加有关。澳大利亚尚未有关于年轻人在家外制备食品的食用量、类型或频率及其对能量和营养摄入影响的研究。
本研究的目的是确定不同食品销售点（如快餐连锁店、独立外卖食品店、咖啡店等）对年轻人总体食物和饮料摄入量的相对贡献；评估在外食用的食品和饮料对年轻人总能量和有害营养素摄入的贡献程度；以及研究社会和物理环境与年轻人消费模式之间的相互作用。
将对1008名年轻人进行横断面研究。符合以下条件的个体有资格参与：（1）年龄在18至30岁之间；（2）居住在澳大利亚新南威尔士州；（3）拥有或可使用智能手机；（4）具备英语读写能力；（5）每周至少食用一顿在外购买的餐食、零食或饮料。研究将纳入性别、年龄组（18至24岁和25至30岁）、大都市或地区地理区域以及高社会经济地位和低社会经济地位地区的均匀分布样本。参与者将在我们名为“饮食与追踪（Eat and Track，EaT）”的定制智能手机应用程序中记录连续3天内食用的所有食物和饮料，以及购买和食用的地点。然后，参与者将完成一份详尽的人口统计学调查问卷。将计算能量、营养素和食物组的平均摄入量，以及在外购买和食用的食物的相对贡献。19.84%（200/1008）的参与者子样本将完成三次24小时膳食回顾访谈，以与使用EaT收集的数据进行比较。将使用聚类、决策树、神经网络和支持向量机等数据挖掘技术来构建预测模型并识别重要模式。
招募工作正在进行中，结果将于2018年公布。
将确定在家外制备的食物在能量、营养素、有害营养素和食物组方面对年轻人饮食的贡献，以及对满足国家建议的影响。将确定未来针对年轻人健康促进工作应关注的食物和消费行为。
