Charles Perkins Centre, Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia.
Nutrients. 2021 May 21;13(6):1761. doi: 10.3390/nu13061761.
Young adults are the highest consumers of food prepared outside home (FOH) and gain most weight among Australian adults. One strategy to address the obesogenic food environment is menu labelling legislation whereby outlets with >20 stores in one state and >50 Australia-wide must display energy content in kJ. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of FOH to the energy and macronutrients, saturated fat, total sugars and sodium intakes of young Australians. One thousand and one 18 to 30-year-olds (57% female) residing in Australia's most populous state recorded all foods and beverages consumed and the location of preparation for three consecutive days using a purpose-designed smartphone application. Group means for the daily consumption of energy, percentage energy (%E) for protein, carbohydrate, total sugars, total and saturated fats, and sodium density (mg/1000 kJ) and proportions of nutrients from FOH from menu labelling and independent outlets were compared. Overall, participants consumed 42.4% of their energy intake from FOH with other nutrients ranging from 39.8% (sugars) to 47.3% (sodium). Independent outlets not required to label menus, contributed a greater percentage of energy (23.6%) than menu labelling outlets (18.7%, < 0.001). Public health policy responses such as public education campaigns, extended menu labelling, more detailed nutrition information and reformulation targets are suggested to facilitate healthier choices.
年轻人是最常食用外食（FOH）的人群，也是澳大利亚成年人中体重增加最多的人群。解决致肥胖食物环境的策略之一是菜单标签立法，即一个州内有>20 家门店且全澳范围内有>50 家门店的门店必须显示以千焦耳（kJ）为单位的能量含量。本研究旨在评估外食对澳大利亚年轻人的能量和宏量营养素、饱和脂肪、总糖和钠摄入量的贡献。1011 名 18 至 30 岁（57%为女性）的澳大利亚居民使用专门设计的智能手机应用程序连续三天记录所有食物和饮料的摄入情况以及准备地点。通过比较菜单标签和独立门店的群体平均值，比较了每日能量消耗、蛋白质的能量百分比（%E）、碳水化合物、总糖、总脂肪和饱和脂肪、钠密度（mg/1000 kJ）以及来自菜单标签和独立门店的外食中营养素的比例。总的来说，参与者从外食中摄入了 42.4%的能量，其他营养素的摄入量从 39.8%（糖）到 47.3%（钠）不等。无需进行菜单标签的独立门店提供的能量百分比（23.6%）高于菜单标签门店（18.7%，<0.001）。建议采取公共卫生政策措施，如开展公共教育活动、扩大菜单标签、提供更详细的营养信息和制定改革目标，以促进更健康的选择。
