Hepler Justin, Albarracin Dolores
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Annenberg School for Communication and Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
Soc Psychol (Gott). 2014 May;45(5):391-398. doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000198. Epub 2014 Jan 1.
Dispositional attitudes are an individual difference in the tendency to form positive versus negative attitudes. As positive (negative) attitudes promote active (inactive) responses to stimuli, we predicted that dispositional attitudes would be positively correlated with patterns of general action. In Study 1, participants reported all activities they engaged in during a 1-week period using a structured time use survey. Dispositional attitudes were positively correlated with the number of unique behaviors participants engaged in and with the total number of behaviors reported for the entire week. Study 2 replicated Study 1 using a free response time use survey. Overall, the results demonstrated that dispositional attitudes predict general action, such that the tendency to form positive (negative) attitudes predicts the tendency to engage in many (few) behaviors in daily life. This pattern occurred for both low effort and high effort behaviors. Implications for understanding activity patterns are discussed.
倾向性态度是个体在形成积极态度与消极态度倾向上的一种个体差异。由于积极（消极）态度会促进对刺激的积极（消极）反应，我们预测倾向性态度会与一般行为模式呈正相关。在研究1中，参与者使用结构化的时间使用调查问卷报告了他们在一周内参与的所有活动。倾向性态度与参与者参与的独特行为数量以及整个星期报告的行为总数呈正相关。研究2使用自由回答的时间使用调查问卷重复了研究1。总体而言，结果表明倾向性态度能够预测一般行为，即形成积极（消极）态度的倾向预测了在日常生活中参与许多（很少）行为的倾向。这种模式在低努力行为和高努力行为中都出现了。本文讨论了这些结果对理解活动模式的启示。
