Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Cognition. 2013 Sep;128(3):271-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.04.012. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
Although robust evidence indicates that action initiation can occur unconsciously and unintentionally, the literature on action inhibition suggests that inhibition requires both conscious thought and intentionality. In prior research demonstrating automatic inhibition in response to unconsciously processed stimuli, the unconscious stimuli had previously been consciously associated with an inhibitory response within the context of the experiment, and participants had consciously formed a goal to activate inhibition processes when presented with the stimuli (because task instructions required participants to engage in inhibition when the stimuli occurred). Therefore, prior work suggests that some amount of conscious thought and intentionality are required for inhibitory control. In the present research, we recorded event-related potentials during two go/no-go experiments in which participants were subliminally primed with general action/inaction concepts that had never been consciously associated with task-specific responses. We provide the first demonstration that inhibitory control processes can be modulated completely unconsciously and unintentionally.
虽然有大量证据表明，行为启动可以在无意识和非意愿的情况下发生，但关于行为抑制的文献表明，抑制既需要有意识的思考，也需要意向性。在先前的研究中，当无意识处理的刺激出现时，人们会自动对其做出抑制反应，这些无意识的刺激之前在实验背景下已经与抑制反应产生了有意识的联系，并且参与者在呈现这些刺激时已经有意识地形成了激活抑制过程的目标（因为任务指令要求参与者在刺激出现时进行抑制）。因此，之前的研究表明，抑制控制需要一定程度的有意识思考和意向性。在本研究中，我们在两个 Go/No-Go 实验中记录了事件相关电位，参与者在实验中被潜意识地启动了一般的行动/不行动概念，这些概念从未与特定任务的反应有意识地联系起来。我们首次证明，抑制控制过程可以完全在无意识和非意愿的情况下进行调节。
