Albarracin Dolores, Hepler Justin, Tannenbaum Melanie
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2011 Apr 1;20(2):119-123. doi: 10.1177/0963721411402666.
Since the 1970s, researchers on motivation and behavior have taken the stance that important human behaviors are determined by specific attitudes, intentions, and goals. In the present article, we review evidence suggesting that, in addition to specific motivational constructs, general goals of action and inaction are also vital determinants of many important human behaviors. This research examines the effects of these goals on motor behavior, cognitive performance, and political participation. Furthermore, we connect these general action and inaction goals with other important areas in psychology, including affect, approach/avoidance, energization, material resources, mindsets, and power. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of individual and regional/cultural differences in action and inaction. Overall, general goals for action and inaction are shown to influence a vast array of important behaviors, suggesting that in addition to considering specific attitudes, intentions, and goals, researchers may gain important insight into human behavior by considering general motivations.
自20世纪70年代以来，研究动机与行为的学者们一直秉持这样的观点：重要的人类行为是由特定的态度、意图和目标决定的。在本文中，我们回顾了相关证据，这些证据表明，除了特定的动机结构外，行动和不行动的一般目标也是许多重要人类行为的关键决定因素。这项研究考察了这些目标对运动行为、认知表现和政治参与的影响。此外，我们将这些行动和不行动的一般目标与心理学的其他重要领域联系起来，包括情感、趋近/回避、精力、物质资源、思维模式和权力。最后，我们讨论了行动和不行动中的个体差异以及地区/文化差异。总体而言，行动和不行动的一般目标被证明会影响大量重要行为，这表明除了考虑特定的态度、意图和目标外，研究人员通过考虑一般动机可能会对人类行为获得重要的见解。
