Hepler Justin, Albarracin Dolores, McCulloch Kathleen C, Noguchi Kenji
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Motiv Emot. 2012 Dec 1;36(4):416-424. doi: 10.1007/s11031-011-9263-4.
Although self-control often requires behavioral inaction (i.e., a piece of cake), the process of inhibiting impulsive behavior is commonly characterized as cognitively active (i.e., self-control). Two experiments examined whether motivation for action or inaction facilitates self-control behavior in the presence of tempting stimuli. Experiment 1 used a delay discounting task to assess the ability to delay gratification with respect to money. Experiment 2 used a Go/No-Go task to assess the ability to inhibit a dominant but incorrect motor response to the words "condom" and "sex". The results demonstrate that goals for inaction promote self-control, whereas goals for action promote impulsive behavior. These findings are discussed in light of recent evidence suggesting that goals for action and inaction modulate physiological resources that promote behavioral execution.
尽管自我控制通常需要行为上的克制（即忍住不去做某件事），但抑制冲动行为的过程通常被认为是认知活跃的（即自我控制）。两项实验研究了行动或克制的动机是否会在存在诱人刺激的情况下促进自我控制行为。实验1使用延迟折扣任务来评估对金钱延迟满足的能力。实验2使用了一个“是/否”任务来评估抑制对“避孕套”和“性”这些词做出占主导但错误的运动反应的能力。结果表明，克制目标会促进自我控制，而行动目标则会促进冲动行为。鉴于最近有证据表明行动和克制目标会调节促进行为执行的生理资源，对这些发现进行了讨论。
