在墨西哥城市，随着时间的推移，摄入和购买不太健康的食品和饮料的社会经济差异发生了变化。
The Socioeconomic Disparities in Intakes and Purchases of Less-Healthy Foods and Beverages Have Changed over Time in Urban Mexico.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2018 Jan 1;148(1):109-116. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxx007.
BACKGROUND
To our knowledge, the association between diet and socioeconomic status (SES), using both purchase and intake data, in the Mexican population has not been examined, which is particularly important given the high prevalence of diet-related diseases in Mexico.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to examine the SES-diet relation using household food purchases and individual food intake data.
METHODS
We analyzed purchases of packaged food and beverages of 5240 households with the use of the 2012-2014 Nielsen Mexico Consumer Panel Service Dataset, representative of urban areas. Likewise, we examined 9672 individuals over 2 y with food and beverage intake information collected using a single 24-h recall as part of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Multivariate linear regression models were conducted to predict per capita daily purchases and intakes of food and beverages classified as healthy and less healthy by SES, and adjusting for sociodemographic variables.
RESULTS
Per capita daily purchases of healthy and less-healthy foods were, on average, 142% and 55% higher in high- than in low-SES households, respectively, from 2012 to 2014 (P < 0.05). Intakes of healthy and less-healthy foods in urban areas were, on average, 7% and 136% higher in high- than in low-SES groups (P < 0.05). Per capita daily purchases of healthy beverages were, on average, 56% higher in high- than in low-SES households from 2012 to 2014 (P < 0.05), whereas purchases of less-healthy beverages were 27% and 17% higher in low- than in high-SES households in 2012 and 2014, respectively (P < 0.05). Per capita daily intake of healthy beverages was 33% higher in high- than in low-SES groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Higher-SES groups from urban areas had greater purchases and intakes of less-healthy foods and healthy beverages. Lower-SES households had greater purchases of less-healthy beverages, but also had the largest reduction in these purchases from 2012 to 2014, which could be associated with the beverage tax implemented in Mexico in 2014.
背景
据我们所知，在墨西哥人群中，使用购买和摄入数据来研究饮食与社会经济地位（SES）之间的关系尚未得到检验，考虑到墨西哥与饮食相关疾病的高患病率，这一点尤为重要。
目的
我们的目的是使用家庭食品购买和个人食品摄入数据来研究 SES-饮食的关系。
方法
我们分析了 5240 户家庭的包装食品和饮料购买情况，使用的是 2012-2014 年尼尔森墨西哥消费者小组服务数据集，该数据集代表城市地区。同样，我们在 2 年的时间内检查了 9672 名个体的食物和饮料摄入量信息，这些信息是作为 2012 年墨西哥国家健康和营养调查的一部分通过单次 24 小时回忆收集的。进行了多变量线性回归模型，以根据 SES 预测健康和不太健康的食物和饮料的人均日购买量和摄入量，并调整了社会人口统计学变量。
结果
2012 年至 2014 年，高 SES 家庭的健康和不太健康食品的人均日购买量分别平均高出 142%和 55%（P<0.05）。城市地区高 SES 组的健康和不太健康食品摄入量平均分别高出 7%和 136%（P<0.05）。2012 年至 2014 年，高 SES 家庭的健康饮料人均日购买量平均高出 56%（P<0.05），而 2012 年和 2014 年，低 SES 家庭的不太健康饮料购买量分别高出 27%和 17%（P<0.05）。高 SES 组的人均日健康饮料摄入量高出 33%（P<0.05）。
结论
城市地区的高 SES 群体购买和摄入的不健康食品和健康饮料更多。较低 SES 家庭的不太健康饮料购买量更大，但从 2012 年到 2014 年，这些购买量的降幅最大，这可能与 2014 年在墨西哥实施的饮料税有关。
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