Villaseñor-Derbez Juan Carlos, Faro Caio, Wright Melaina, Martínez Jael, Fitzgerald Sean, Fulton Stuart, Mancha-Cisneros Maria Del Mar, McDonald Gavin, Micheli Fiorenza, Suárez Alvin, Torre Jorge, Costello Christopher
Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America.
Comunidad y Biodiversidad A.C., Calle Isla del Peruano, Guaymas, Sonora, México.
PLoS One. 2018 Jan 30;13(1):e0191821. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191821. eCollection 2018.
Marine reserves are implemented to achieve a variety of objectives, but are seldom rigorously evaluated to determine whether those objectives are met. In the rare cases when evaluations do take place, they typically focus on ecological indicators and ignore other relevant objectives such as socioeconomics and governance. And regardless of the objectives, the diversity of locations, monitoring protocols, and analysis approaches hinder the ability to compare results across case studies. Moreover, analysis and evaluation of reserves is generally conducted by outside researchers, not the reserve managers or users, plausibly thereby hindering effective local management and rapid response to change. We present a framework and tool, called "MAREA", to overcome these challenges. Its purpose is to evaluate the extent to which any given reserve has achieved its stated objectives. MAREA provides specific guidance on data collection and formatting, and then conducts rigorous causal inference analysis based on data input by the user, providing real-time outputs about the effectiveness of the reserve. MAREA's ease of use, standardization of state-of-the-art inference methods, and ability to analyze marine reserve effectiveness across ecological, socioeconomic, and governance objectives could dramatically further our understanding and support of effective marine reserve management.
实施海洋保护区是为了实现多种目标,但很少对其进行严格评估以确定这些目标是否达成。在极少数进行评估的情况下,评估通常侧重于生态指标,而忽略了其他相关目标,如社会经济和治理目标。无论目标如何,地点、监测方案和分析方法的多样性都阻碍了跨案例研究比较结果的能力。此外,保护区的分析和评估通常由外部研究人员进行,而非保护区管理人员或使用者,这可能会阻碍有效的地方管理以及对变化的快速响应。我们提出了一个名为“MAREA”的框架和工具,以应对这些挑战。其目的是评估任何给定的保护区在多大程度上实现了其既定目标。MAREA为数据收集和格式化提供了具体指导,然后根据用户输入的数据进行严格的因果推断分析,提供有关保护区有效性的实时输出。MAREA的易用性、先进推断方法的标准化以及跨生态、社会经济和治理目标分析海洋保护区有效性的能力,可能会极大地增进我们对有效海洋保护区管理的理解并提供支持。