Pothuraju Ramesh, Sharma Raj K
Division of Animal Biochemistry, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana), India.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2018;18(3):212-220. doi: 10.2174/1871530318666180131092203.
Excess caloric intake and less energy expenditure (e.g. physical inactivity) are associated with acquired metabolic disorders due to sedentary life style. Pharmacological treatments are less effective in preventing obesity. Type of diet influences the gut microbiome alteration and it is interrelated with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Modified gut microbiota by the harmful bacterial components (e.g: lipopolysaccharides) is linked with the metabolic endotoxemia (low-grade inflammation) which results in damage to the gut barrier function. Administration of probiotics (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) as live micro-organisms or fermented products achieves proper gut environment. In addition, administration of prebiotics along with probiotics improves the body weight, abdominal fat and intestinal barrier function.
We compiled all the available literature in the present review in relation to altered gut microbiota by different type of diets, effect of probiotics on obesity and its accompanying diseases in animal and clinical studies.
Studies are indicating that anti-hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic effects of probiotics are strain dependent as well as type of animal models. To improve against metabolic disorders, probiotics, need to be administered through prebiotics and requires more clinical studies in this area.
由于久坐的生活方式，热量摄入过多和能量消耗减少（如缺乏身体活动）与后天性代谢紊乱有关。药物治疗在预防肥胖方面效果较差。饮食类型会影响肠道微生物群的改变，并且与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病相互关联。有害细菌成分（如脂多糖）改变肠道微生物群与代谢性内毒素血症（低度炎症）有关，这会导致肠道屏障功能受损。施用益生菌（乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌）作为活微生物或发酵产品可实现适当的肠道环境。此外，益生元与益生菌一起施用可改善体重、腹部脂肪和肠道屏障功能。
在本综述中，我们汇集了所有现有文献，内容涉及不同类型饮食对肠道微生物群的改变、益生菌在动物和临床研究中对肥胖及其伴随疾病的影响。
研究表明，益生菌的降血糖和降血脂作用因菌株以及动物模型类型而异。为了改善代谢紊乱，需要通过益生元施用益生菌，并且该领域需要更多的临床研究。
