School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences.
Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Republic of Ireland.
Gerontologist. 2019 May 17;59(3):e177-e195. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnx206.
There are increasing numbers of older academics working in Higher Education Institutions worldwide. It is essential that academics' retirement experiences are clearly understood as they tend to have different retirement trajectories than other occupational groups. This meta-ethnography aims to answer the research question "what are the experiences of academics transitioning to retirement" by identifying and synthesizing qualitative research using a meta-ethnographic approach.
A systematic literature search was conducted from January 2000 to September 2016 to identify qualitative studies focusing on academics' experiences of retirement. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of included papers. Concepts from each study were translated into each other to form theories, which were then combined through a "line-of-argument" synthesis.
Twenty papers were included. Five themes were identified: (a) continuing to work in retirement, (b) the impact of the retirement transition on the academics' identity, (c) changing relationships through the retirement transition, (d) experiencing aging processes, and (e) planning for retirement. For most, retirement is characterized by continuing to work in aspects of their role, maintaining associated relationships, with gradual disengagement from academic activities. For another smaller group, the retirement pathway is experienced as an event, with complete detachment from academic activities.
The review highlights that academics transitioning to retirement experience varying retirement pathways. Awareness of the benefits of comprehensive retirement planning programs could enable academics to choose a retirement pathway that facilitates a smooth transition to retirement.
全世界越来越多的老年学者在高等教育机构工作。了解学者的退休经历至关重要，因为他们的退休轨迹往往与其他职业群体不同。本元分析旨在通过采用元分析方法识别和综合定性研究来回答研究问题“学者过渡到退休的经历是什么”。
从 2000 年 1 月至 2016 年 9 月进行了系统的文献检索，以确定关注学者退休经历的定性研究。两位审稿人独立评估了纳入论文的方法学质量。每个研究的概念被翻译成其他概念，形成理论，然后通过“论证线”综合进行组合。
纳入了 20 篇论文。确定了五个主题：（a）在退休后继续工作，（b）退休过渡对学者身份的影响，（c）退休过渡过程中关系的变化，（d）经历老龄化过程，以及（e）为退休做计划。对于大多数人来说，退休的特点是继续从事其角色的某些方面的工作，保持相关关系，并逐渐从学术活动中脱离。对于另一小部分人来说，退休途径被视为一种事件，与学术活动完全脱节。
综述强调，过渡到退休的学者经历了不同的退休途径。全面退休规划计划的好处意识可以使学者能够选择一条促进顺利过渡到退休的退休途径。
