Chumbley J I
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1986 Apr;12(2):257-67. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.12.2.257.
Four experiments examined the relationships between category verification reaction time (RT), exemplar typicality, instance dominance, category selection time (an RT measure of category dominance), and three production measures of category dominance. The category dominance measures were obtained in two experiments for use in two nearly identical category verification experiments. In one category verification experiment, the category name was presented 800 ms before the exemplar name; in the other, the exemplar name preceded the category name by 800 ms. Multiple regression analyses of the yes and no category verification RTs indicated that category dominance produced large and highly significant effects in all conditions, whereas instance dominance produced marginally significant and selective effects. Typicality had no effect beyond its shared effect with the dominance measures except as a possible suppressor variable. Category selection time was the best predictor, although all of the category dominance measures were better predictors than typicality or instance dominance. It is concluded that typicality may be an inappropriate independent variable for RT tasks studying the memory representation of natural-world knowledge.
四项实验考察了类别验证反应时（RT）、样例典型性、实例优势性、类别选择时间（类别优势性的一种RT测量指标）以及类别优势性的三种生成性测量指标之间的关系。类别优势性测量指标是在两项实验中获得的，用于两项几乎相同的类别验证实验。在一项类别验证实验中，类别名称在样例名称之前800毫秒呈现；在另一项实验中，样例名称在类别名称之前800毫秒呈现。对肯定和否定类别验证反应时的多元回归分析表明，类别优势性在所有条件下都产生了巨大且高度显著的影响，而实例优势性产生了边缘显著且有选择性的影响。除了作为一个可能的抑制变量外，典型性除了与优势性测量指标的共同效应外没有其他影响。类别选择时间是最佳预测指标，尽管所有类别优势性测量指标都比典型性或实例优势性更能作为预测指标。研究得出结论，对于研究自然世界知识记忆表征的RT任务来说，典型性可能是一个不合适的自变量。
