Fu Kaiyu, Bohn Paul W
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.
ACS Cent Sci. 2018 Jan 24;4(1):20-29. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00576. Epub 2018 Jan 16.
Pore-based structures occur widely in living organisms. Ion channels embedded in cell membranes, for example, provide pathways, where electron and proton transfer are coupled to the exchange of vital molecules. Learning from mother nature, a recent surge in activity has focused on artificial nanopore architectures to effect electrochemical transformations not accessible in larger structures. Here, we highlight these exciting advances. Starting with a brief overview of nanopore electrodes, including the early history and development of nanopore sensing based on nanopore-confined electrochemistry, we address the core concepts and special characteristics of nanopores in electron transfer. We describe nanopore-based electrochemical sensing and processing, discuss performance limits and challenges, and conclude with an outlook for next-generation nanopore electrode sensing platforms and the opportunities they present.
基于孔的结构广泛存在于生物有机体中。例如，嵌入细胞膜的离子通道提供了电子和质子转移与重要分子交换相耦合的途径。受大自然启发，最近的研究热潮聚焦于人工纳米孔结构，以实现较大结构中无法进行的电化学转化。在此，我们重点介绍这些令人振奋的进展。首先简要概述纳米孔电极，包括基于纳米孔限制电化学的纳米孔传感的早期历史和发展，接着阐述纳米孔在电子转移中的核心概念和特殊特性。我们描述基于纳米孔的电化学传感和处理，讨论性能限制和挑战，并以对下一代纳米孔电极传感平台及其带来的机遇的展望作为总结。
